能力验证是物证鉴定质量保障体系的重要组成部分，可以非常有效的评估、监控和提高实验室物证鉴定能力和质量。本文论述了物证鉴定能力验证的主要方法、形式、类型和特点，以及在物证鉴定实验室质量管理中的具体应用，介绍了国外物证鉴定实验室参加能力验证活动的历史和现状，并提出在我国物证鉴定实验室广泛开展能力验证活动的思考。

Proficiency tests is one of the most important parts of quality insurance system in forensic science laboratory, and it can effectively evaluate, monitor and improve proficiency and quality of forensic examination in the laboratory. This paper describes the procedure and types of forensic proficiency tests, and their usages in quality management of forensic laboratory. Then it is introduced the use of proficiency tests in forensic laboratories in America and Europe. Finally, it is recommended to fully use the proficiency tests in forensic science laboratories in China.