15 February 2020, Volume 45 Issue 1
    

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    Research Articles
  • Bibliometric Analysis on Developing Latent Fingerprint Based on the Data from Web of Science
    JIN Xiaodong, WANG Hao, XU Sheng, Lü Yibiao, XU Tongxiang, MA Rongliang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.001
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    Based on the searching into the database of Web of Science, the published literatures were analyzed by bibliometric methods about the researches of developing latent fingerprint among global forensic communities from 2001 to 2018, showing that the output of such papers has gradually increased. Accordingly, four major research hotspots were revealed on developing latent fingerprint: the improvement of traditional materials and technologies, the informationizing, the application of nanotechnology and the construction of novel materials to recognize the harbored residues (e.g., the addictive substances and explosives), and the legacy time. Such researches in China have a definite influence although more efforts are still required to publish high-level papers. Meanwhile, the cooperation should be strengthened with prominent peers and institutes, thus to drive the overall progress of the researches in China’s forensic dactylography. The bibliometric analysis could be a good reference to the relevant researches.
  • Evaluation into the Impact of Residual Genome on miRNA Detection
    SUN Qifan, LI Ranran, ZHAO Yixia, SHU Xian, HE Hongxia, HU Sheng, JI Anquan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 9-13. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.002
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    Objective To determine whether the genomic DNA residue in RNA extract affects the detection of miRNA. Methods RNA was extracted from peripheral or menstrual blood sample with miRNeasy® Mini Kit, followed with TURBO DNA-free™ Kit to have it purified. After assessed of its quality by UV spectrophotometer, the RNA was undergone with both agar-gel and capillary electrophoresis, with the expression levels of six miRNAs being respectively tested by real-time PCR. Results The results showed that the concentration of the purified RNA decreased slightly, compared with the RNA of pre-purification. Furthermore, according to the agarose gel and capillary electrophoresis, the residual genomic DNA was found of deprived from the extracted RNA samples, without affecting the integrity of RNA. Although the real-time PCR revealed that some miRNA had discrepant amount before and after purification, yet the relative expression levels of six miRNAs commonly kept their almost intact consistence in both the peripheral and menstrual blood regardless of purification. Conclusion The genomic DNA residue in RNA extract does affect the detection of some miRNA, however not affecting the identification of what tissue to have the body fluid left. Whether to purify or not depends on the research purpose.
  • Analysis of Progestogen-like Drugs in Blood by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    SONG Lijuan, ZHAO Peiduo, ZHANG Guanghua, YAN Shuai
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 14-18. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.003
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    Objective To determine the progestogen-like drugs of norethindrone, levonorgestrel, chlormadinone acetate and mifepristone in blood by developing a new method so that the involved cases can resort to have them crack down. Methods A new method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to analyze the drugs that were used for this test. Mass was determined at the optimized declustering potential and collision energy over the respective range of 0~200 V and 5~130 V, therefore rendering the characterized ion-pairs of 299.1/109.1, 299.1/231.2 for norethindrone; 313.2/245.2, 313.2/295.2 for levonorgestrel; 405.1/309.2, 405.1/345.1 for chlormadinone acetate and 430.2/288.1, 430.2/372.3 for mifepristone. Some key parameters of liquid chromatography were also optimized from our previous researches. With methanol or acetonitrile as the organic phase (flowing phase A) and aqueous 5 mM ammonium acetate-0.1% formic acid as the aqueous phase (flowing phase B), methanol was shown able to sharply increase the signals of norethindrone, levonorgestrel and chlormadinone acetate with the exception of mifepristone. The combined use of ammonium acetate and formic acid in aqueous phase was much better than the alone-use of either one. Under the above conditions, all of the analytes were successfully resolved with eligibility for both qualitative and quantitative analysis in 3 min. Results Linear ranges were measured in 1~500 ng/mL for levonorgestrel and mifepristone, 5~500 ng/mL for norethindrone and 0.5~500 ng/mL for chlormadinone acetate, with the correlation coefficients all larger than 0.999 and limit of detection between 0.1~1.0 ng/mL. Satisfactory extraction recoveries were obtained of 84.4~97.0 % without obvious matrix effect. The relative standard deviations of peak areas from six duplicate tests were 1.5~4.0% and 3.6~6.9% for run-to-run and day-to-day, respectively. Conclusions The proposed method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is suitable for determination of progestogen-like drugs in blood, capable of being readily implemented in the criminal, public-security and food-safety cases.
  • Perception into Verification of Function-deficient Illegal Furtive-photographing Special Equipment
    YAN Yuwen, LI Zhihui, LI Zhigang, HUANG Wei, ZHANG Ning, XU Lei, XU Xiaojing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 19-23. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.004
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    The function-deficient illegal furtive-photographing special equipment is difficult to verify directly with the methods that are eligible for those function-complete ones because of its structural or functional damage or fault, hence making it a handicap for the examination of illegal furtive-photographing special equipment. Through classifying the illegal furtive-photographing special equipment at the beginning, this paper defined the function-deficient illegal furtive-photographing special equipment, with the analysis into the integrity of function-deficient illegal furtive-photographing special equipment from the definition of structure and function of camera and photo-taking device, concluding that none of evidential materials can be examined further but the complete functional requirements being met. Finally, the verifying method of function-deficient illegal furtive-photographing special equipment was introduced from the analysis of functional completeness, demonstrating into an actual case. The here-elucidated method to verify the function-deficient illegal furtive-photographing special equipment, will provide effective choices and reference for examination of illegal furtive-photographing special equipment, thus capable of promoting the development of such forensic service.
  • GC-MS Qualitative Analysis of Methamphetamine, MDMA and Ketamine in Urine under Full Scan Mode
    PENG Shanshan, XIN Guobin, WANG Jifen, WANG Yanyan, MENG Jinjie
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 24-29. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.005
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    Objective To establish a GC-MS method for simultaneous detection of methamphetamine,methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine in urine so as to obtain the qualitative parameters (retention time, ion ratio) of the three drugs with GC-MS in full scan mode. Methods Through a liquid-liquid extraction-GC/MS method for simultaneous detection of methamphetamine, MDMA and ketamine in urine, several urine samples were conducted into parallel test, with the resultant data being analyzed by SPSS software and illustrated by Prism 6. Results The linear range of methamphetamine, MDMA and ketamine were all of 0.2-10μg/mL. Their correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9982, 0.9963 and 0.9969, and the lowest detectable concentrations (LOD) were 0.15μg/mL, 0.1μg/mL, 0.15μg/mL, respectively. The retention time (RT) and relative retention time (RRT) of the three drugs in full scan mode were stable at different concentrations, with the maximum deviation of RT at ±0.05 min and maximum allowable deviation of RRT at ±0.5%. The ion ratio deviations, ΔI (absolute) and ΔI (relative), were respective of ±20% and ±50%. Conclusion This paper provides a reference for the GC-MS qualitative analysis to determine the here-concerned three common drugs in biological samples.
  • Effect of Fixation Time on Detecting STR loci from Human Tissues Fixed by Neutral Buffered Formalin
    XU Ruiguang, WANG Lin, ZHANG Qirong, CHEN Jianjun, YI Xiaokai, LU Xiaojun, GUO Zhonghui, SUN Jing, WANG Lihua, ZHANG Xinsheng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 30-34. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.006
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    Objective To investigate the detection rate of STR loci from human tissues fixed for different time with buffered formalin solution. Methods Five human tissues, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were fixed in 10% neutral formalin buffer under room temperature and sampled at different time. DNA was extracted from the above formalin-fixed tissues by immuno-magnetic beads, then subjected to PCR amplification with both AmpFSTR®identifiler® plus kit and AmpFSTR®minifiler® plus kit. Through ABI 3130xL genetic analyzer to detect the PCR products, the STR loci were analyzed by GeneMapperIDv3.2. Results With the elongation of fixation time, the detection rate was reduced of STR loci from tissues. A majority of STR loci could be detected by the Identifiler plus amplification system within 30 days after fixation although the detection rate gradually decreased from about 60% to 20% when the fixation time extended to 60 ~ 90 days. All of the 9 STR loci could be detected by the minifiler amplification system within 60 days of fixation. Both heart and lung, among all the 5 detected human tissues, had higher STR-loci detection rate. Conclusions The detection rate of STR loci decreased significantly with the prolongation of fixed time. Minifiler kit is capable of an effective supplement to the conventional amplification choice because of its improvement for the detection rate of larger fragmental STR loci.
  • Analysis by SPME-GC/MS into the Residues from Gasoline-burned Typical Plastic Container
    LIU Jida, ZHENG Sai, SUN Luopu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 35-39. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.007
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    Objective To determine the existence of accelerant in fire scene by solid-phase micro-extraction coupling gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) through analyzing the residues from burning plastic container with gasoline. Methods Under the diffusion time of 40min, diffusion temperature of 100°C and extraction at room temperature, the 100μm PDMS red fiber-filter was selected to extract the residual components from gasoline burning the main ingredients of plastic container: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). SPME-GC/MS was conducted of qualitative analysis into the extracted residues while testing the presence of gasoline in the fire scene. Results The characteristic components of gasoline were detected out of the extracted residues from gasoline combusting two types (LDPE and/or PET) of plastic container, with evident demonstration of toluene, dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, indene, and their respective present isomers or homologues. Conclusions The SPME-GC/MS detecting approach has high sensitivity and few influential factors, capable of meeting the requirements to detect characteristic components of gasoline from fired residues.
  • Detection of NPP and 4-ANPP by GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF MS
    QIAN Zhenhua, LI Peng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 40-44. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.008
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    Objective To establish two methods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) for determining NPP (N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone) and 4-ANPP (4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine), both of the precursor chemicals of fentanyl. Methods The sample was extracted with methanol and formic acid solution, with the supernatant being subjected to GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF MS for analysis. Results The separation of NPP or 4-ANPP was carried out by GC-MS with the temperature-programmed handling. The NPP was of retention time at 8.49 min, with its characteristic fragment ions at m/z 112, 84 and 42. The 4-ANPP was of retention time at 12.70 min, with its characteristic fragment ions at m/z 146, 189, 44, 96 and 105. For the UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis, NPP or 4-ANPP was isolated through the gradient elution. The NPP was of retention time at 1.633 min, with its characteristic fragment ion peaks appearing at m/z 204.1382 ([M+H]+) in the single stage plus the m/z 186.1275, 146.0966, 134.0965, 130.0651, 112.0755, 105.0701, 103.0544, 77.0384 in the tandem (MS/MS) mode. The 4-ANPP was of retention time at 3.702 min, with its characteristic fragment ion peaks showing at m/z 281.2009 ([M+H]+) in the single stage and m/z 188.1435, 146.0966, 134.0966, 105.0701 in the tandem (MS/MS) mode. Conclusions The method is simple and rapid, suitable for qualitative analysis of both NPP and 4-ANPP.
  • Rapid and Simultaneous Quantification of 61 Abused Drugs in Urine by UPLC-MS/MS
    LIU Shuai, ZHAO Meng, YANG Fazhen, LI Shaopeng, WANG Zhaohong, LI Hong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 45-50. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.009
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    Objective A rapid and sensitive method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was to develop for simultaneous determination of 61 abused drugs in urine. Methods Urine sample was precipitated with methanol under the ratio of 1:9 (V:V), afterwards centrifuged at 8500r/min for 10 min, with the supernatant being analyzed through UPLC-MS/MS in coalescence of an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The samples were measured in the mode of electrospray positive ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Results The 61 drugs were linear in the range of 0.1~10ng/mL, with their coefficients higher than 0.99. The extraction recoveries ranged from 90.14%~129.72% for all of the analytes, and their limits of detection (LODs) were 0.05 ng/mL. Conclusions The method presented here is validated to be simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for determination of trace drugs and metabolites in urine samples.
  • Analysis into the Difference to Visualize Sweat Latent Fingermarks with 445nm and 532nm Laser
    CHEN Junhui, ZHU Junyu, WANG Xin, LIU Tao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 51-54. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.010
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    Objective To analyze the difference by 445nm and 532nm laser to visualize the sweat latent fingermarks on various objects in crime scene. Methods Either 445nm or 532nm laser was directly irradiated onto four objects, white wall, white tile, granite and marble, to visualize the pressed sweat latent fingermarks. Through comparison among the visualized fingermarks, their visualizing difference was discussed into causations. Results Laser of different wavelength directly influences on the effect of visualizing the sweat latent fingerprint. Different objects are also of significant discrepancy for visualization of the latent fingermarks deposited on them, suggesting a potential relationship of visualizing effect to their respective composition and structure that result in the dissimilar mechanisms of energy transfer and transformation inside the objects. Conclusion It is necessary to choose the laser of appropriate wavelength to achieve the best visualizing effect for sweat latent fingermarks on different objects.
  • Determination of Chlorpheniramine in Human Plasma by Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    SUN Huihui, YUAN Mingjun, DU Hongyan, HU Kun, ZHONG Jianjun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 55-59. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.011
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    Objective A method by ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) was to develop and validate for detecting and determining chlorpheniramine in human plasma. Methods The plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile, afterwards oscillated and centrifugalized. The supernatant was filtered by 0.22μm organic micro-pore membrane, then detected by LC-MS/MS. The anlyte was separated from a reversed-phase C18 column (Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse C18) by a gradient elution, with the column oven being at 40°C. The mobile phase of elution was consisted of 5mmol/L ammonium formate-0.1% methanoic acid-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.2mL/min. Retention time and two ion pairs of chlorpheniramine were used for qualitative analysis in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The quantitative detection for chlorpheniramine was based on calibration curve. Results By the optimized LC-MS/MS method, the correlation coefficient of chlorpheniramine was 0.9985 within the linear range of 0.1ng/mL~100ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD S/N=3) was 0.03ng/mL for the chlorpheniramine in plasma samples, with its limit of quantification (LOQ S/N=10) being 0.1ng/mL. In addition, the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were respectively less than 5% and 8%, showing a good reproducibility and high recovery. Conclusions The method developed with this research is rapid, highly accurate and reliable for analysis of chlorpheniramine in human plasma.
  • Using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) plus Microwave-assisted Derivatization to Determine Sulfide Ion in Blood
    HOU Fang, TANG Zhilong, HU Haonan, LI Hongguang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 60-63. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.012
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    Objective To establish a fast and accurate method for determination of the sulfide ion in blood from cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Methods Blood sample was collected of 0.4 mL and transferred into a 10-mL glass tube, together with the internal standard, 1, 3, 5-tribromobenzene, and a derived reagent α-bromo-2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl. The sample was placed under the microwave synthesizer for 10 minutes at 60°C. After centrifugation, the organic phase (~1μL) was taken and undergone through GC-MS analysis. Results The concentration of sulfide ion in blood had good linearity in the range of 0.05-10 mmol/L (1.6-320μg/mL), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01μg/mL. From the blood samples of the victims in one suspected sulfide-poisoning accident, the sulfide ion was detected successfully. Conclusions The method established here is fast, scientific and effective, therefore capable of being applied into rapid detection of hydrogen-sulfide-poisoning cases.
  • Performance about Four Sorts of Solid-phase Extraction Column to Select 67 Kinds of Poison (Drug) in Blood
    Lü Jinghan, JIANG Huayu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 64-66. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.013
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    Objective To test the recovery rate of 67 kinds of adding-into-blood poison (drug) by four sorts of solid-phase extraction (SPE) column so that the best pretreatment method can be optimized from the chosen SPE column. Methods According to the mechanisms and fillers of the four sorts of SPE column, the selected 67 kinds of poison/drug were separated, purified and enriched. With the discrepant adsorptive effect on recovery of each drug, the performance of each sort of SPE column was assessed through GC/MS analysis to get the specific values (limit of detection of each drug) from the added standard substances of series of concentrations. Results From the blank blood as the spiked matrix, the detection limit of the majority of drugs was between 0.2~2 μg/mL, with the recoveries being among 50% and 150%. Conclusions The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, practical, showing good purification effect, having played good role in several forensic toxicological cases.
    • Reviews
  • Application of Optical Coherence Tomography into Examining Cultural Relics
    ZHANG Ning, XIE Lanchi, YAN Yuwen, HOU Xinyu, GUO Jingjing, XU Lei, HUANG Wei, LI Zhihui, LI Zhigang, XU Xiaojing, WANG Guiqiang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 67-74. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.014
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    In recent years, the crimes involving cultural relics have been becoming serious in China, leaving the illegal dealing, storing, trafficking and auctioning of cultural relics being rampant. It is essential for application of advanced imaging techniques to combat the relevant crimes and protect cultural relics. Optical imaging technology is a promising candidate for the examination of cultural relics because it causes almost no damage to the sample and preserves the integrity of evidence. This paper introduces a novel optical imaging technology - optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its applications into examination of cultural relics. Owing to the principles and its advantages of non-destructiveness, the in-situ, high-resolution and cross-sectional imaging, OCT has been widely applied in biomedical imaging, yet still being a new technology in forensic science and archeology. The recent researches are here reported about OCT to examine such cultural relics as ceramics, porcelain, jade and painting, demonstrating OCT has unique advantages when compared to the conventional examination methods. First, the non-invasive and non-contact imaging preserves the integrity of the cultural relics and requires no pretreatment to the sample. Second, the new optical features obtained by OCT system have enriched the current examination choices and improved the accuracy of the examination. Third, OCT is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging approach and thus can acquire 3D volumetric data and show the en face images of the sample. Through the analysis and feature extraction of high-resolution images of various types of cultural relics, some important internal information can be obtained for the effective identification and differentiation into cultural relics, capable of providing strong technical support for securing and tracking down the relevant cultural relics. Finally, the future applications of OCT in examination of cultural relics are discussed, indicating that OCT will be favorable for combating the crimes involving cultural relics.
  • Research Progress in Luminescent Metal-organic Frameworks for Sensing Nitro-Explosives
    HE Ning, GAO Mingliang, HAN Zhengbo, ZHAO Pengcheng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 75-80. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.015
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    Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are characteristic of stable micro-porous structure, large specific surface area, adjustable aperture size and functional nanopores, therefore making them great potential for possible applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, chemical sensing among others. In this paper, the introduction was first placed to the basic concept of fluorescent sensing technology and MOFs, with the elucidation about advantages of detecting trace explosives by luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs). Then, a progress review was thereby deployed from the fluorescent sensing mechanism by LMOFs through LMOFs-based explosive sensors to 2D recognition mapping of explosives. Finally, oriented to the actual demand from public security and evidence identification, a summarization was carried out into the design principles and future progress for the LMOF-based nitro-explosive sensors.
    • Forum
  • Insight on Application of Artificial Intelligence into Footprint Examination
    LIU Yiwen, JIN YiFeng, HU Shuliang, LIU Jin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 81-84. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.016
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    The footprints in crime scene investigation are key evidence among conventional traces, therefore playing an irreplaceable role in criminal detection. However, the development of footprint examination is coming into bottleneck recently. How to ensure sustainable development of the examination, thus, becomes a momentous challenge that the relating technicians are facing. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been being paid much attention from many industries because of its intelligent characteristics that are not possessed with traditional methods, thereby having achieved noticeable outcomes in certain fields. It should be inevitable to drive AI into footprint examination. This paper summarizes the development of AI and its application in various fields, with the prospect being put forward, too.
  • Prevention against Foreign Contaminative DNA Imperiling Evidential Materials in Optical Laboratory
    LI Junjun, YAO Weijing, DENG Dangjun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 85-87. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.017
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    In pursuit to the great increasing sensitivity to detect DNA, the trace DNA or its contamination can be determined presently. Foreign DNA contamination can influence the DNA from the evidential material, capable of interfering with the required STR analysis. Commonly, three kinds of potential DNA contamination are likely to come forth during the fingerprint-hunting process in optical laboratory: the airborne droplet (floating around), dust and aerosol, all of them can cause the evidential material to be contaminated with the way of non-contact, direct contact and/or the second transferring through other media like gloves. Thus, the optical laboratory must prevent DNA contamination. Strict quality control should be imposed on experimental consumables. Any potential DNA contamination must be cleared off from the equipment and apparatus. Training must be regularly carried on about preventing from DNA contamination to ensure the involved individuals holding and maintaining such a consciousness/habit. The bag of evidential material should be appropriately isolated and kept. Specific instructions and guiding operational directions should be set up and sternly implemented into DNA contamination prevention for optical laboratory. Any risk of DNA contamination must be thoroughly eliminated, securely making the occurrence of DNA contamination impossible.
    • Technical Notes
  • Comprehensive Examination and Identification into Human Video Images and the Solved Larceny Case of Zero Confession
    ZHANG Dazhi, GUO Yong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 88-92. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.018
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    There are many theoretical and practical difficulties in examining and identifying human video image. From investigation into a “zero confession” case where the larcener was caught of his video images on the crime scene, the human video image was introduced into its comprehensive examination and identification about the relevant concepts and basic points, with its main methods being elucidated from morphological analysis. Through unwrapping of the common procedure and course regarding the examination of human video image, the video materials of the here-investigated case were specifically tested into the items of feasibility assessment and planning for examination, field experimentation for collecting specimen, image analysis and pre-processing for extracting feature, image comparison for observing facial similarities or differences, and results evaluation for drawing a conclusion. Finally, discussions were made on the significance about facial features, the principle about collecting specimen and the countermeasures against risks. According to the investigated case and the previous experience, a conclusion can be drawn that human video image identification will play its more extensive pivotal role in juridical practice if only the deep understandings impenetrate into the basic concepts, e.g., human appearance, human image and human features, along with the special points of human image examination being fully thought highly of.
  • Application of ICP-MS into Testing the Death Case from Poisoning of Mercury Vapor
    HUANG Jian, WANG Aihua, REN Xinxin, WEI Chunming, CUI Guanfeng, DONG Ying, LUAN Yujing, DU Hongyan, CHANG Jing, WANG Fanglin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 93-96. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.019
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    Objective To establish an ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) method for determining the mercury in biological samples from the death cases of mercury-vapor poisoning. Methods The samples were digested under microwave through the formula of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, with the digested solution being analyzed of its mercury content by ICP-MS. Results Compared with the local healthy individuals, the victims were of much higher contents of mercury in their blood, leaving a strong clue for determining the cause of death. Conclusions Microwave digestion is suitable for preparation of various biological samples. The following analysis by ICP-MS after microwave digestion is accurate and reliable, too. Thus, the integration of microwave digestion and ICP-MS is capable for various biological samples of poisoning cases to be analyzed of the mercury (if any) content.
  • Estimation of Postmortem Interval into Decomposed Corpses by Total Body Score and Accumulated-degree Days
    LUO Xi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.020
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    Objective To verify the feasibility of estimating postmortem interval (PMI) by total body score (TBS) and accumulated-degree days (ADD) into decomposed human bodies in a certain region. Methods With four actual cases, the TBS was calculated by the observed decomposition changes of human bodies, making its values and the related ADD be drawn into a previously formed equation to estimate PMI. Finally, the estimated PMI was compared with the confirmed actual PMI. Results Of the 4 cases, 3 ones were accurately estimated of the dates of death, with the left one showing difference of 7 days between the estimated and actual PMI, yet being still within the 50% upper limit. Conclusion It is potential and applicable to estimate PMI by TBS and ADD into decomposed human bodies in the explored region. However, the quantification / scoring standard on degree of decomposition still needs to be revised and refined under the consideration of certain local geographic and climatic conditions. Only when establishment of larger sampling data and suitable equations of different influential factors including temperature will the feasibility and the accuracy of the estimation be improved.
    • Exchangeable Experience
  • Successful Extraction of Fingerprint from One Corpse Decayed in Water
    JIANG Kuan, GONG Qiang, LI Junjun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 102-104. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.021
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    The extraction of handprints from corpse frequently occurs in criminal investigation, showing itself an arduous task especially for the extraction from one decayed corpse although there are number of methods to extract handprints from corpses by dealing with the hand epidermis-formed glove and/or dermis. Here is a case about one corpse having been soaked in water for more than half a year. The corpse, albeit becoming of adipocere, had not formed into hand epidermal glove, yet leaving its hand dermis being putrefied into rottenness. Fortunately, the flowing water slowed down the process of skin epidermis decaying, resulting in a larger piece of central-pattern-carried epidermal tissue being discovered from one finger. After cleaned with clear water, the obtained finger epidermis was photographed directly, bringing forth one valuable fingerprint.
  • Paternity Identification of Early Embryo Tissues Collected under Ultrasound-guided Complete Curettage of Uterine Cavity
    LIU Quan, WANG Shufa, KE Ji
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 105-107. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.022
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    Ultrasound-guided complete curettage of uterine cavity is often performed with gynaecology and obstetrics in clinical diagnosis and treatment . Most of the abortion materials obtained by such an operation are a mixture of all embryonic tissues and the mother’s. Therefore, a successful paternity identification depends on the embryonic tissues to be successfully recognized and isolated from the mixture. However, due to the small size of the early embryos, their low differentiation and the fragmentation of the abortion tissues undergone through operation, it is difficult to separate the embryonic tissues for sampling. This paper reports a case about paternity identification for a 50-day embryo collected with ultrasound-guided complete curettage of uterine cavity. According to the analysis of the main points summarized from this case, the following measures are considered to be condignly taken of, 1. gently washing the abortion materials repeatedly with distilled water until the arrival of clear eluate; 2. preferentially extracting villus/villi from chorionic tissues for embryonic DNA detection; 3. sampling at various sites and of diversity, thus the probability of success can be improved.
  • A Homicidal Case yet Suspected of Suicide
    LI Guangfeng, SUI Peng, GAO Yungui
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(1): 108-110. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.01.023
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    Determining the death manner is one of the most challenging tasks in forensic cases involving decease. For many of the death cases, the manner of death can be just judged from the scene investigation and cadaver examination. However, there are still some cases where the death manners are to be ascertained with more comprehensive information from not only the scene investigation and cadaver examination but also the toxicological and electronic evidence among others. A rare-seen homicidal case was reported here, seeming of suicide because the victim had only one stabbing wound in his abdomen and no camouflage found on the scene. With intact natural presence, no sign of fighting or being stolen, the dead was not shown of alien bloodstain around him, appearing no other person being involved into his death by the at-first scene investigation. Therefore, suicide was initially suggested. Nevertheless, through extensive and deep investigation into the scene, thorough autopsy, laboratory test and analysis (DNA and footprint comparison), the case was finally determined of homicide.

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