目的 建立自制烟火药爆炸残留物中氯酸钾、雄黄和雌黄等主要成分的激光拉曼光谱检验法。方法 用激光拉曼光谱仪在烟火药爆炸残留物的微区中寻找炸药颗粒并进行原位检验,同时用炸药组分标准物质做对照检验,然后将烟火药爆炸残留物中的炸药颗粒拉曼光谱图与标准物质拉曼光谱图进行对照来定性。结果 用该方法检验自制烟火药中的氯酸钾、雄黄、雌黄拉曼光谱图与标准物质拉曼光谱图一致,雄黄和雌黄能明显区分。结论 本文所建立的方法简便、快速、准确,适用于自制烟火药爆炸残留物中炸药成分的检验。

Objective To establish a method for detecting potassium chlorate, realgar and orpiment in homemade fireworks explosive residues by laser Raman spectrum.Methods The explosive particles in the micro-area on the picked-up homemade fireworks explosive residues were searched and tested in situ by laser Raman spectrometer, with the standard substances of explosive components as the reference for comparison at the same time. The qualitative decision was made based on the consistency of their Raman spectrograms.Results The Raman spectra of potassium chlorate, realgar and orpiment were obtained from the picked-up samples of a case, showing that potassium chlorate is of better peak shape by its strong displacement at 938.35 nm (base peak), 977.54 nm and 487.07 nm; whereas the Raman shift of realgar is mainly located between 400-100 nm, specifically, the 233.24 nm (base peak), 344.38 nm (where a shoulder is appeared in its wide-peak shape), 186.04 nm and 271.92 nm; but for orpiment, its Raman shift is mainly at 341.59 nm (base peak, the largest peak shape compared with the latter two), 228.88 nm and 183.42 nm. Through the literature to prove that peaks at 233 nm and 186nm ascribe to the As-As-As stretching and that at 344 nm to the S-As-S stretching, together with the consistency of Raman spectrograms of standard potassium chlorate, realgar and orpiment to the corresponding one of the respective substance in the homemade fireworks explosive residues, the main components of the homemade fireworks explosive in the involved case are not only defined but realgar and orpiment can also be clearly distinguished by the Raman analyzer test.Conclusions Raman microscopy technology can be directly used for the qualitativeness about the components of explosives through their comparison with the relevant standard substances. Besides, this method can also determine the specific configuration of realgar. Taken together, the method is suitable for detection of the homemade fireworks explosives and their residues.