15 December 2020, Volume 45 Issue 6
    

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    Research Articles
  • Correlative Discrimination into Sorting Heroin Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
    CUI Xuezi, CHEN Yongsheng, CHEN Guiliang, XU Jinlun, WANG Rong, ZHANG Yurong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 551-555. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.001
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    Objective To analyze the elements in seized heroin samples with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the contents of tested elements and therewith categorize the samples so as to have the relevant cases clustered. Methods Ultrasonic-assisted dissolution was used to prepare the heroin samples from which ICP-MS was optimized to simultaneously quantify 28 elements and their isotopes. Sixty-five statistical combinations were compared and consecutively analyzed into all the obtained data with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Results Standard curves were established for determination of 28 elements and their isotopes. For all the heroin samples analyzed through ICP-MS, their harbored elements were obtained of each one’s respective concentration range. Data pre-processing of normalization followed by Euclidean distance was found to be the best statistical compromise for optimal discrimination on whether the samples are correlated. Resultant from HCA to analyze the data of 33 heroin samples, the corresponding cases were classified. Conclusions Multiple elements harbored in heroin can be determined with ICP-MS simultaneously and quickly, valuable of providing intelligence for cases connection and/or relevance with their disclosed correlation of the involving samples.
  • Attempt to Denoise into 3D-point Cloud of Linear Trace
    ZHU Zhihua, LIU Jin, HU Xiyuan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 556-561. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.002
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    Objective To tentatively denoise into the 3D-point cloud data collected from linear traces so as to provide basis or reference for the successive feature extraction and matching against the point cloud data. Methods Through denoising into the point cloud data of 10 kinds of common-tool traces collected via confocal microscope, three filtering algorithms, i.e., the mean, median and curvature, were tested of their effect with evaluation. Based on the processing results of the three algorithms, a denoising algorithm of three-dimensional point-cloud data was proposed for the involving linear traces, having successfully resulted in such an integrative arithmetic that was built with the three algorithms from being weighted. Results The tested results showed that the post-denoising sample, processed from the integrated algorithm, did demonstrate more distinct features exhibiting the pattern of point cloud, having rendered the maximal average error decreasing by 79.6% against the noise-harboring and/or standard point cloud data. Conclusions The integration of three filtering algorithms optimizes the preponderance of each individual, achieving better performance than each single one of the three choices for the point-cloud data of trace to deniose.
  • Applying Augmented Reality Technology into Stereo Drawing of Crime Scene
    HU Jingcheng, CAI Jing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 562-567. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.003
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    Crime-scene drawing is an important recording measure for crime scene investigation, also a vital basis for the involving crime scene to reconstruct and restore. Targeting at the complicated crime scene, a crime-scene stereoscopic displaying method is here proposed with the augmented reality technology. The method uses 3D Studio Max software to contrive the crime-scene drawing enhanced model with which to combine the Unity3D software and EasyAR tools, thereby demonstrating that the augmented reality technology is to render a stereoscopic and real-time crime-scene drawing through the interactions between the real and virtual presentation of crime scene. The applying results show that the method is able to display the crime scene directly and objectively, having weakened the impact of personal subjective imagination on the scene restoration, capable of solving the problem of fewer observation angles with traditional flat-field drawing. Thus, the scene restoration is no longer dependent on the observer’s conceivability of space. Such a combination of composing a picture to interact real-time with the crime scene is certain of advantages compared to the traditional flat drawing.
  • Comparison of Two Statistical Methods for Evaluating XRF-based Elemental Quantitative Data of Soils
    GUO Hongling, WANG Ping, ZHU Jun, HU Can, MEI Hongcheng, ZHENG Jili
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 568-571. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.004
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    Objective XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) possesses many advantages for soil elemental quantitative analysis, yet leaving difficulties to evaluate similarity/difference between sampling soils with the received analysis data. Thus, two methods, Euclidean Distance and Hotelling T2 - both of which are the statistical approaches to compare inter-sample similarity/difference, were adopted to evaluate their accuracy in comparison of data similarity/difference. Methods XRF was used to analyze the concentrations of 10 elements in 20 sampling soils collected from different locations, having the relevant data obtained. The methods of Euclidean Distance and Hotelling T2 were carried out to assess the difference between the data from sampling soils. Results With the 20 soil samples and their resultant 190 pairs of comparison, Euclidean Distance approach gave its indistinguishable rate as 4.21%, and Hotelling T2 7.37%. Conclusions Both Euclidean Distance and Hotelling T2 are applicable to statistically evaluate inter-soil samples. Yet, proper selection and execution of the statistical processing should be based on the prerequisites of the methods, thereby leading to acceptable results for sample comparison.
  • Internal Memory-based Forensics against Trojan Assaulting Windows-operating Computer
    ZHENG Wengeng, LI Lingwei, LIAO Guangjun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 572-576. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.005
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    Trojan, one major vector with cybercrime, can be determined of its location in the assaulted computer, DLL of its running time, and the resulted alterations to the registry and/or the operation system if the forensic analysis can be gone into the involving dynamic random-access memory. Consequently, the evidence would be fixed about such a virus attack. This paper was to carry out the simulating experiments under virtual Windows-operating environment. Through one Trojan virus to assault a computer being operated with Windows, the DumpIt forensics software, selected as it takes up smallest memory, was to extract the instantaneous online memory data, along with the volatility (also one electronic forensic tool) to analyze the registry and process in the memory, so as to obtain the dynamic course of the virus assault. The experimental results showed that such an analysis of instant data from internal memory was able to acquire the information of virus attacking process and location, the relating communication ports and the affected functions. Moreover, the comparative analysis was carried out between the memory data and registry files, therefore having the clues discovered and the evidence fixed on Trojan virus assaulting computer.
  • Determining Flualprazolam and 2-Chlorodiazepam in Whole Blood by Supported Liquid-liquid Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    LIN Jia, YE Shuhai, LIN Jian, LI Wei, LI Hangqi, ZHUANG Shun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 577-581. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.006
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    Objective To establish a method for analyzing flualprazolam and 2-chlorodiazepam in whole blood with supported liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (SLE-HPLC-MS). Methods The whole blood was extracted with the cartridge of supported liquid-liquid extraction (SLE) that is tested of excelling both liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), having its contained flualprazolam and 2-chlorodiazepam determined with the HPLC-MS system being selected of an ESI+ mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)．Results Through comparison of three extraction methods (SLE, LLE and SPE) for their efficiencies to analyze flualprazolam and 2-chlorodiazepam in whole blood by LC-MS, SLE was of the best extraction choice. Accordingly, Flualprazolam and 2-chlorodiazepam had rendered their linear calibration curves in the range of 5-500ng/mL, with their correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.999, and the LODs being 0.05ng/mL and 0.1ng/mL, respectively. Besides, flualprazolam showed its mean matrix effect was 77.5%, mean recovery 95%, and average processing efficiency 73%, while 2-chlorodiazepam presenting its own respective parameters indicated above as 72.5%, 79%, and 72%. Conclusions The method presented here is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for the determination of flualprazolam and 2-chlorodiazepam in whole blood samples.
  • Comparison of Handwriting Characteristics of Signature Made on Electronic Touch Screen and/or Paper
    HUANG Liyan, ZHAN Kanghui, ZHOU Guangcun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 582-586. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.007
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    Objective To research the handwriting characteristics of electronic signature on electromagnetic and/or capacitive touch screen. Methods Sixty adults, who had completed at least junior college education, were asked to sign respectively on A4 paper with black carbon signing fountain pen, on “Ipad mini 2” with active capacitor stylus, and on electromagnetic writing pad with electromagnetic digital pressure pen. Such obtained three kinds of signature were compared of their handwriting characteristics. Results When compared against the capacitive signature, the electromagnetic one is more similar to the one on paper with black carbon fountain pen, only having significant variations in writing level, signature layout and characteristic writing marks. The capacitive signature reveals its remarkable deformations in writing level, signature layout, matching proportion of space between words, conformation of pen movement, start and end strokes of writing, written connections, and the characteristic writing marks. In addition, a great impact was discovered of the writing times on both the electromagnetic and capacitive signature, with the electromagnetic signature having also been affected from different visual distractions. Conclusions Touch-screen electronic signature should be identified through analyzing the characteristic changes and related causes of all kinds of such signature together with preserving the true from eliminating the false, thereby capable of a comprehensive evaluation to deliver the final objective and scientific opinions.
  • View on Footprints to Analyze Quantity of Criminals at Homicidal Scene
    JIN Yifeng, JIANG Xuemei, CHEN Rui, CHEN Wei, DAN Qingsong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 587-590. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.008
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    Quantity of criminals is one important indicative factor for homicidal scene analysis because it can provide the accurate premise for effective homicidal scene reconstruction, likely having potential impact on description of criminal motive. Among different kinds of information that can be used to analyze the quantity of criminals at homicidal scene, footprint is perhaps the most commonly-used one for such a purpose especially when a difficult-to-solve case confronts with scarce video evidence, failure of technical survey and lack of evidential materials. At present, few literatures discuss how to apply footprint into the elaborate analysis about quantity of criminals. Hence, this paper elucidates about analyzing the quantity of criminals through footprints in relation to the relevant theoretical basis, prerequisites, procedures and the attentions to be paid.
  • Identifying 5F-MDMB-PICA, One Synthetic Cannabinoid of New Psychoactive Substance from Seized Samples
    WANG Kuadou, YUAN Xiaoliang, ZHANG Yurong, LIU Wenbin, HU Junjian, CAO Fangqi, ZOU Yun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 591-596. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.009
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    5F-MDMB-PICA (chemical designation: methyl 2-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-butanoate), a new psychoactive substance of synthetic cannabinoid, was identified through the analytic approaches of FT-IR, GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR, thereby having a multiple-technic-combinatorial qualitative detection and differentiation method established for such a substance from several evidential materials (powder and tobacco). For the sample of powder, FT-IR was adopted to test it, yet getting a low match from its spectrum repertory which to query with the tested result (guessing the low purity of the sample to cause it). Whereas, both the powder and tobacco-thread samples gave positive result from either GC-MS or LC-MS analysis after appropriate and necessary treatments being imposed into the sample, resulting the sample in GC-MS rendering main-constituent mass spectral characteristic ions (m/z) at 232 (base peak), 144, 376, 320, 288, 260, 116, 212. Further, LC-MS (one kind of HRMS - high resolution mass spectrometer) revealed the targeted chemical is of precise mass quantity [M+H]+ as 377.22305. Even, NMR detection confirmed the structure of the chemical from the powder sample that was previously dissolved with deuterated methanol to undergo the 1H-NMR parsing. With all the tested results and those from querying the involving database to bring into a conclusion altogether, the chemical is no doubt 5F-MDMB-PICA. Prominently, NMR approach proved its great potential for chemical structure acquisition of unknown compounds (e.g., the here-concerned new psychoactive substances), meanwhile demonstrating its unique advantages of high visibility, efficiency and credibility.
  • Preferential Choices for Enhancement of Fingerprint Image with Complex Background
    WANG Kangning
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 597-600. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.010
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    Objective To look for the means of lessening or even eliminating the background interference from fingerprint image with digital image processing. Methods Fingerprint image was obtained through adoption of light dispensing manipulation, having it undergone with Photoshop CS6 processing to highlight the fingerprint contour while reduce or even remove the background interference via the handling of image contrast enhancement/sharpening/smoothing/homomorphic filtering/algebra operation (MATLAB 2017b utilized, too). Finally, the feasibility and effect were compared among the digital image processing choices to enhance the fingerprint image with complex background. Results The choices of image contrast enhancement and sharpening have indeed intensified the contrast difference between the fingerprint contour and background, capable of remarkably lessening the influence from background. Better processing effect has been obtained through separation of complex background from fingerprint image with either the Photoshop’s layer computation or the MATLAB’s subtraction function operating into image. To some extent, the homomorphic filtering enhancement removed the background out from fingerprint image, leaving the intact specifics of fingerprint image within an allowance of adjustment. Conclusion Better processing effect can be obtained for the fingerprint image with complex background to enhance its distinction by way of either single one or coalescent choices utilized here, yet with which and how many to choose depending on the specific situation.
  • Determination of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Nail through Frozen Grinding Coupled into High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
    ZHAO Xulong, MA Guangpeng, WU Jifeng, LIU Haiyan, LUAN Yujing, WANG Aihua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 601-605. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.011
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    Objective To develop and validate a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in nail through frozen grinding coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methods The sampling nails were treated through frozen grinding and extracted with methanol, successively analyzed into high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupling to AB QTRAP 4000 tandem mass spectrometry under the conditions of positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Methamphetamine and amphetamine were qualitatively analyzed with their respective retention time and two characteristic ion pairs, with the external standard curve method being used for quantification. Results The frozen grinding is the best treatment for the nail to extract effectively. The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.2~25ng/mg for both methamphetamine and amphetamine, with their respective linear coefficients being 0.9997 and 0.9968, the limits of detection being less than 0.05ng/mg, and the limits of quantification lowering to 0.2ng/mg. A recovery greater than 85% was obtained from the method, with the inter- and intra-day RSD less than 10%.Conclusions The method is rapid, sensitive and accurate, suitable for determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in nail samples.
  • Effect of Temperature on Transporting Odoriferous Samples of Olfactory Source
    CHEN Ranran, LONG Chengsheng, WU Dehua, SONG Zhenhua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 606-609. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.012
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    Objective To explore the effect of temperature on the quality and effectiveness of odoriferous samples which to take as the policing-purposed olfactory source in order to provide technical support for transportation of relevant samples. Methods The odoriferous samples were kept under the respective experimental temperature of 20°C (of the environment), 4°C, 25°C and 38°C, with them all being sealed and stored for 24h. Policing dog smelling identification and instrumental analysis were both adopted to detect the trace and original odoriferous samples, with the received data to be analyzed through SPSS 16.0. Results Stored for 24 hours at the temperature of 20°C, 4°C and 25°C, the odoriferous samples of policing-purposed olfactory source did not changed substantively, still enabling the policing dog to make correct identification. However, the temperature of 38°C lasting for 24 hours significantly changed the compositions of experimental samples, having caused policing dog decreasing the accuracy of odor identification. Conclusions When policing dog is the choice for detection, the olfactory odoriferous samples had better store and transport in an airtight niche below 25°C, with 4°C the more appropriate.
    • Reviews
  • Review on Guidelines for Research and Publication of Forensic Population Genetic Data
    CHEN Song, ZHAO Hemiao, TU Zheng, ZHOU Hong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 610-615. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.013
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    Population genetic data are important for forensic genetics, playing crucial role in enriching the genetic polymorphism data of Chinese population, therefore valuable for evaluating the individual identification ability, system efficiency and forensic evidence power of relevant genetic markers. Research and publication of population genetic data should follow the international practice and norms. This paper reviews a series of recommended guidelines released by International Society for Forensic Genetics, and introduces the requirements of international famous forensic journals on publication of population genetic data including quality control and ethical approval. Quality control tools were put in place about their emphasis in conjunction with the narration of databasing efforts. Universally adopted principles are summarized with the precondition of conducting ethical approval on human genetic resources. Some suggestions are discussed for the publications of mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome, autosomal STR and other population genetic data in China.
  • On Quantitative Evaluation of Fingerprint Evidence
    TAN Tiejun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 616-621. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.014
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    Forensic evidence is internationally going into quantification and objectivity with its examination and identification. Traditionally, the notion of “identification, exclusion and inconclusiveness” is the evaluation criterion about forensic evidence based on the comparison between the evidential materials from the scene and the suspect’s. With the increasing demand for the scientificity of forensic evidence and progresses of technologies, evaluation is presently paid more attentions on the eligibility for the relevant methods of examination and identification, drawing focuses on accuracy, reliability, objectivity, transparency and repeatability. Following the trend, the fingerprint evidence is also being assessed from qualitative feature similarity to the likelihood ratio quantitation. In this paper, the analytic summarization was first of all made on the traditional “ACE-V” fingerprint identification approaches and the relevant evidence evaluation framework. Successively, the new paradigms of fingerprint evidence evaluation were reviewed about the core contents, main approaches, international research development and forensic practice on the basis of introduction to the international requirements of forensic technological scientificity, having stressed into the fingerprint features that were scaled from the likelihood ratio framework, quantitative extraction methods and statistical models. Finally, the fingerprint automatic identification technology was expatiated about its development, practical application and progressive trend.
  • Evolution in Researches of Toadstool Poisoning and Identification
    CHEN Xueguo, CHANG Jing, ZOU Bo, WANG Aihua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 622-627. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.015
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    Toadstool, ubiquitous of various and many kinds, globe-wide distribution and complex morphological existence, occurs of its occasional poisoning incidents owing to its external extreme similarity to the species-abundant wild edible fungi, hence resulting in substantive reports on mushroom poisoning from misuse. Such poisoning events are definitely a threat to human health, even leading to deaths. Therefore, ever-emerging researchers have paid more attentions on toadstools and toxins, especially on the identification and separation of components from these poisonous mushrooms, the poisoning mechanisms and toxin-relating legal/illicit applications. Based on the reports in literature and journals, the evolution was here summarized and described of toadstool about the researches on its variety and kinds of toxins, the chemical structures and characteristics, toxicity, poisoning symptoms and mechanisms, in-vivo distribution and metabolism, recognition methods, analysis approaches and identification techniques. The expatiation was particularly put into the traditional chemical identification approaches and modern instrumental separation and determination choices, with references to ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. Furthermore, the prospect of legal application was mentioned of the poisonous mushrooms and toxins in medicine, biology and agriculture. This review could be a scientific reference for the researches of poisonous mushrooms and identification analogous to toadstool and toxins, and even beneficial to the public for them to improve their capability of self-protection when poisoning of toadstool and eating poisonous mushrooms. Certainly, the assistant value would also be provided for public security and relevant professionals to identify and unveil the forensic evidence for the cases of toadstool poisoning.
    • Technical Notes
  • Ketamine-Analogous 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone Detected in the Seized Drugs
    ZHU Guoyu, WANG Jun, YAN Renxin, SHI Jianzhong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 628-632. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.016
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    Objective To determine the composition of one seized white crystal sample suspected to be ketamine. Methods The sample was analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, H/13C/19F NMR and infrared spectrum, with all the obtained data to compare with those from the published literatures. Results The white crystal was proved of ketamine analogue, the 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone, which was asserted of the first time to have it detected from suspected drugs in China. Conclusions The 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone is a new psychoactive substance that was deliberately synthesized by clandestine chemists who intended to avoid legal punishment, thus requiring that the relevant department/authority be paid of more attentions.
  • DNA Analysis of Exfoliated Cells Collected from Mail Stuffs
    SONG Yanhua, XIE Zhongwen, CHEN Xiaozhuo, ZHU Dian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 633-635. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.017
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    Objective To search the appropriate locations for the exfoliated cells to collect from mail stuffs so that their harboring DNA is capable of revealing the STR genotyping profiles without positioning through fingerprint development from, e.g., ninhydrin fumigation. Methods The exfoliated cells were extracted and transferred from different positions on mail stuffs by way of respective handling of clipping, flocking-swab wiping or EZ-tape sticking. DNA was harvested from the exfoliated cells with the MinElute PCR Purification kit, and then amplified with Identifiler Plus kit into the increased cycles of PCR. Results Clipping is the best choice to transfer the exfoliated cells on mail stuffs where the paper crease is the most suitable place for the exfoliated cells to collect and thereby have their harboring DNA unveiled of effective STR profiles, yet the word-written locations leaving inability to amplify the effective STR profiles. Conclusions Clipping should be the prior choice for successful extraction and transferring of DNA from the exfoliated cells on mail stuffs such that the effective STR genotyping profiles can be obtained. The crease of relevant paper is the key place to harvest eligible amount of exfoliated cells.
  • Selection of Reference Object for Video-based Vehicle Speed Measurement in Identification of Traffic Accidents
    HE Qun, SUN Jiehan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 636-639. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.018
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    Various video images, collected from traffic accidents, are able to provide calculation basis for the involved vehicles to have their speed measured. As an important item in processing the related image, selection of the eligible ground object is key to the appropriate reference point so that the calculation can be taken into the formula of distance versus speed: s=vt. Only being resorted of referring and comparing the different videos related, surveying the road conditions and conducting necessary field measurements, can the involved vehicle’s “braking speed” be calculated on the occurrence of accident. Thus, a solid basis would be provided for disposition of the responsibility about the relevant traffic accident. This paper introduces several cases from which the accurate selection of ground reference object is elucidated with the video images.
  • Biological Evidence-targeting Device Applied into Discovering “Touch” Biological Materials
    XU Haijun, YE Zhipeng, QIAN Lifeng, ZHU Wenhao, HUO Saihu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 640-643. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.019
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    Objective To explore the value of biological evidence-targeting device for public security to combat against crimes. Methods Onto a brick seized from a robbery case, the developing reagent was sprayed and irradiated with laser so that the fluorescence-emitting spots were observed through glasses-wearing eyes in dark room. From the fluorescent spots, the forensic flocking swab was used to extract the potential biological evidential materials that were afterwards undergone into DNA test for verification of the evidence location. Results The biological evidence-targeting device did expose the accurate positions where the crime suspect touched the brick because a same single and valuable STR-genotype had been successfully detected from the fluorescence-emitting spots (the touch sites), with the suspect having successfully been matched in DNA database. Conclusion Biological evidence-targeting device is valuable to find the “touch” forensic evidence from biological materials on the carriers (e.g., stones and bricks), showing indicative of orientation for forensic DNA examination and identification.
    • Exchangeable Experience
  • Cases about Utilization of Key Evidential Trails from Traffic Accidents
    QUAN Xiaolin, TAN Hui
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 644-647. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.020
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    With three exampling cases of traffic accident, the key evidential trails were explored and summarized of the methods and technical essentials for their analysis and utilization to orient from the collision pattern, road contact point, running-away accident, and the identity of driver or rider. The demonstration bolsters the idea on the analytic logic of “the interpretation of on-site information, key evidential trails-supporting comprehensive analysis and judgment, reverse inference of accident process, and conformity verification of inference”, having shown great practicability and guidance. Reference should be herewith provided for frontline identification to put into practice.
  • Role of Resistance-led Injuries in Reconstructing Homicidal Scene
    LIU Dongming, MA Huijie
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 648-650. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.021
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    This paper tells of a homicidal case where three persons were killed in one hotel room. Through analysis of the three corpses about their peculiar injuries and behavioral reactions, reconstruction was carried out of the injury mechanism and behavioral process from the active/passive resistance-led injuries that were distinguished with the injured positions on the dead. The significant difference was thus identified between the active and passive resistance-led injuries, therefore offering a crucial technical support for the dead people to be judged of their death sequence and manner. Meanwhile, the powerful evidence was also supplied for the case to be tackled into successive adjudication. This report may suggest inspiration and reference for analysis of the multiple-death case about the homicidal scene and crime course.
  • Applying Rapid Detection of Probative Plastic into Scene Investigation of Explosion and Fire
    PAN Yanhui, ZHANG Jifeng, FAN Wulong, SUN Yuyou
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 651-654. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.022
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    Plastic, the common material in human life, often has its pieces remained in the scene of explosion and fire cases, therefore capable of indicating relevant information about the scene and incident. Here, three cases of explosion and arson were narrated on the probative plastics applied as evidence through their identification at crime scene with rapid detections of infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Such the applications show that fast identification of the evidential plastics has revealed the connection between the detected plastic and the scene-originated plastic objects, therewith surpassing the interference from irrelevant objects, having brought assistance to the investigation and reconstruction of the crime scene in relation to the analysis and depiction of the case-involving individuals’ whereabouts. From the perspective for police to investigate the explosion and fire scene, the practical application value was thereby concluded for the promotion of rapid detection techniques into analysis of probative plastic, with the limitations being discussed, too.
  • Postmortem Interval Estimation Assisted with Correlating Living Evidential Data
    XU Yongcheng, SHEN Liang, YU Rongjun, GONG Qun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 655-657. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.023
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    At times, sole postmortem phenomena are not sufficient for judging the accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Evidently, the materials of protein, nucleic acid and other supporting data from, e.g., the infrared spectroscopy, have been demonstrating their practical evidential roles about PMI estimation, yet their extension and promotion still being waited for enhancing, especially for the grass-roots organizations. Therefore, suggestions are here made on the collection of correlating living evidential data that involve with the crime scenes and relevant individuals. These data are of the so-called Big Data today, mainly from two aspects: one, the living environment and appliances, e.g., video monitors, computers, mobile phones and smart household devices; and the other, traditional and/or daily activities, e.g., bills and/or notes, utensils and life/living habits. With integration into the postmortem phenomena from six exampling concrete cases to demonstrate the assistance of valid information obtained from the items mentioned but not limited above, the PMI estimation has been certainly improved of its accuracy.
  • Second-generation ID’s Collateral Fingerprint Helping Detect a Homicidal Case
    XU Zhibo, OUYANG Zhen, YE Xinrong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(6): 658-660. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.06.024
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    A murder case occurred, leaving the dismembered corporal body parts being scattered to several sites. The useful evidential materials eventually fell on the fingerprints extracted from the corpse. Local investigators adopted the recorded fingerprints that were previously attained with the requirement for application of second-generation ID (identity) card, successfully having identified the victim. The case was hence solved in time, becoming Zhejiang province’s first homicidal case that has been settled with the second-generation ID’s collateral fingerprint. However, there are some facets found of requiring improvement about collection of fingerprint for ID card application, e.g., the single one fingerprint’s completeness, quality and the quantity of fingerprint-collecting digits. A suggestive analysis was here made on the advantages and limitations about the current collection and utilization of fingerprint for ID registration, hoping to improve the second-generation ID’s collateral fingerprint collection in order to have the correlative value play as big as possible.

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