15 June 2020, Volume 45 Issue 3
    

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    Special for the 13th Five-Year Plan
  • Deliberation into the Stipulation of Forensic International Standard
    ZHANG Ning, ZHAI Wanfeng, HUA Feng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 221-228. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Forensic international standard ISO 21043 specifies a series of procedures and quality requirements for the implementation of forensic science, covering the definition of terms in forensic science and the entire process of evidential material recognition, recording, collection, transportation, storage, analysis, interpretation and notification. It is the top-tier standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the forensic field since developed by the ISO Forensic Sciences Committee (ISO/TC 272). The development and release of the standard is of great significance to enhance the credibility of physical evidence, set up standardized crime-scene investigation and laboratory examination procedures, effectively coordinate and balance conflicts among country-enabling standards, and promote scientific cooperation and intelligence exchanges between forensic service providers in various countries and regions. With at-first introduction of the progress of forensic international standardization and the work of ISO/TC 272, this article elucidated the international standard project progression, international standard stipulation process and ISO/TC 272 working meetings, having reviewed the background and progressive development of the ISO 21043 international standard. Besides, analysis was carried out into the related issues such as Euro-centricity, overlapping standards and inconsistency in the understanding of ISO/TC 272 adaptable scope. Furthermore, the experience and cognition were summarized about forensic international standardization of the pertinent management system, procedural orientation, professionalism, scientific research and standard adoption. This essay may provide inspirations and suggestions for China to in-depth participate into the forensic international standardization.
  • Research Progress of Y-/Mt-SNP Haplogroups and Their Forensic Application
    WANG Xiaojuan, QIAN Enfang, LIU Jinjie, HUANG Meisha, LI Caixia, HUANG Jiang, JIANG Li
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 229-233. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.002
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    As the sex-concomitant inheritable genetic substance in human genome, Y-chromosome/mitochondria can make its carrying genetic information passed down to male descendants/all offspring. There are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the non-recombining region of Y chromosome (NRY) and/or mitochondria. They are widely used for human population evolution scrutiny because these SNP haplotypes can reflect the historical patrilineal/matrilineal information. In this paper, the research progresses on Y-SNP and Mt-SNP are reviewed from three aspects: their genetic characteristics, worldwide region-associated distributions and application into molecular anthropology. Besides, both the genetic markers are also discussed of their forensic exertion.
  • FFmpeg Software and Its Applying into Video Image Processing
    GUO Jingjing, LIU Guangyao, WANG Lei, LI Zhigang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 234-237. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.003
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    Objective Forensic image processing often utilizes the relevant software, e.g., the Photoshop, VIS System and Video investigator, yet they are all requiring money-paid if used, thus, the free-charged FFmpeg, one audio/video processing software, is widely selected with its adaptation into varieties of format compiling/transcoding. Therefore, this paper is to introduce the software and trial-apply it. Methods With the introduction of FFmpeg software about its installation and typical application, one video was afterwards processed with the FFmpeg software to undergo multiple image disposal into the common application scenarios, codes and corresponding configuration parameters. Results FFmpeg software is indeed of extensive applicability in video processing, capable of adjusting video parameters (e.g., video frame rate/resolution/reversion), adding/removing watermarks, clipping video (e.g., clipping/synthesizing video, extracting audio) and storing the key frames of video. FFmpeg software is also of less time consumption and remarkable effect when used to process video/image. Conclusions Owing to the excellence of wide applicative environments, simple and fast operation, abundant scenarios of utilization, FFmpeg software is able to enhance the work efficiency greatly.
  • Is cTnI Potential to Diagnose Acute Myocardial Infarction?
    JIANG Shuo, ZHOU Lan, LI Yang, WANG Jian, ZHENG Jilong, HE Guanglong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 238-241. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.004
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    Definitive diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is difficult for forensic pathological analysis. There have been lots of studies attempting to prove the potential of cTnI (cardiac troponin I, cTnI) in diagnosing AMI. Through review of the relevant literatures in the latest decade, it is revealed that the concentration of cTnI varies from tissue to tissue after occurrence of AMI. Pericardial fluid presents great correlation with AMI, yet hard to extract, so that the femoral venial blood has been proposed by some researchers to use for the diagnosis of AMI. The concentration of cTnI is evidently affected from the death cause, postmortem interval and other death-relating factors, having its slow increase being observed with the elongation of postmortem interval. Given of a wider discrepancy of reference value of cTnI from the present researches, an accurate diagnosis of AMI is difficult to carry out with only cTnI.
    • Research Articles
  • Distinguishing the Fingerprint Produced with Its Photosensitive Mold from the Real Fingermark
    WANG Yong, ZHANG Yukuan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 242-245. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.005
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    Objective To compare the fingerprint produced with its photosensitive mold against the real fingermark so as to discover the distinctions between the two kinds of fingerprint finished version, thereby building up a foundation for veracious identification into the way to give birth of fingerprint so that whether one fingerprint is real or artificial will be recognized and evidence is thus able to provide for the relating case to be judged on authenticity. Methods Based on the principle and method of photosensitive seal manufacturing, the fingerprint mold was made to produce its duplicated fingerprint finished version that was compared with the fingerprint resulted from the relevant real finger impressing onto a receiver, e.g., a piece of paper. It was revealed that the fingerprint produced with the photosensitive mold was different of the characteristic lines (loops and whorls) from those of the real fingerprint. Furthermore, the discussion was made into the difference of the revealed characteristic features about their cause of formation and identification value. Results The fingerprint produced with photosensitive mold is prone to engender the unique characteristics different from the real finger-pressed fingerprint due to its production process, the structure of the printed surface, the way to take oil, the seal impressing conditions and other factors. Conclusion The fingerprint characteristics resulted from the photosensitive mold are different from the real fingerprint, capable of being accurately identified through careful scrutiny and comparison.
  • Determination of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Its Precursors in Beverage or Urine by UPLC-MS/MS
    XU Manman, ZHAO Meng, WANG Zhaohong, LI Hong, DUAN Zhengping, WEN Yunbo
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 246-249. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.006
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    Objective To establish a method for the determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors [1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL)] in beverage or urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupling with the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, so as to provide technical support and appraisal basis for the detection of relevant cases. Methods With GHB-d6 as the internal standard, the sampling beverage or urine was diluted (1: 99) with 0.1% aqueous ammonia solution, afterwards centrifuged and filtered, consecutively having the resulted sample separated through an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1mm×100mm, 1.8μm) that was eluted with ammonia water solution-methanol as the mobile phase. Each separated compound was detected with electrospray positive ionization (ESI+) and negative ionization (ESI-) in the MRM mode. Results The tested sample showed that the 3 compounds (GHB, 1,4-BD, GBL) were of good linear relationship in the range of 2-500μg/mL and the correlation coefficients of R2>0.997, with the spiked recoveries (R%) at three concentrations (low, medium, high ) being 86.6%-122.2%, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) being between 0.7% -9.2%. Besides, the detection limits of GHB and GBL were 1μg/mL, yet that of 1,4-BD was 2μg/mL. The quantitative limit of GHB was 2μg/ml, with that of GBL 2-3μg/mL and 1,4-BD’s 3-4μg/mL. Conclusions The method is of simple sample preparation, high recovery and high precision, capable of being used for the related cases to test γ-hydroxybutyric acid and its precursors in beverage or urine.
  • Determination of Nitrous Oxide in Blood Using Headspace Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry
    HU Haonan, JIANG Guojun, TANG Zhilong, LI Hongguang, LIANG Dong
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 250-254. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.007
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    Objective To establish a fast and accurate method for determination of nitrous oxide in blood from the related poisoning cases. Methods 1 mL blood sample was collected into a 20mL headspace bottle that was afterwards added of 1μL dichloromethane, the internal standard, having successively been sealed and left for 10 min at room temperature. The sample-contained headspace bottle was heated under 70℃ for another 10 min to make the relevant substance gasify, with the 300μL bottled upper gas being injected into the GC-MS for analysis. Results A good linearity was observed at the mass concentration of nitrous oxide within 0.02-5.0mL/mL in blood, with the limit of detection (LOD) being 0.005mL/mL. Applied with the established method, nitrous oxide was detected successfully from the victims’ blood samples of two cases of sulfide poisoning. Conclusion The method is fast, scientific and effective, applicable for rapid detection of nitrous oxide from the involving poisoning cases.
  • Exploration into Flattening and Softening the Burnt Single-sheet Paper to Retrieve Document
    HUANG Liyan, ZHANG Fengzhen
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 255-258. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.008
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    Objective To explore the optimal method of flattening and softening the common single-sheet burnt paper for retrieving files. Methods Various softeners were respectively applied through the way of spraying, gas fumigation, brushing and water drifting to flatten and soften the burnt single-sheet paper out from one of the copying, writing-letter, keeping-diary and/or noting-bill, with the effects being compared of different selection and handling. Results The 12% glycerol solution, as the softener, is better of flattening and softening effect than the other softeners. When copying paper taken as the research object, the spraying method is better of flattening and softening effect than the other handling choices, and so is the water drifting or gas fumigation method with the writing-letter paper being selected as the research object. Yet, if keeping-diary paper was chosen as the research object, no ideal effect can be obtained of flattening and softening from all of the four handling ways although the gas fumigation is comparatively better than the other three. Reversely, when noting-bill paper being as the research object, all of the four handling choices are quite ideal of flattening and softening effect. Moreover, from the ruined documents on different types of burnt paper, the black signature pen and the 2B pencil are better of document-retrieving effect than the blue ballpoint and red signature pen. Conclusion In practice, appropriate flattening and softening method should be adopted according to different types of paper and specific samples.
  • Method to Enhance the Fingerprint Image of Fabric Background
    KOU Weigang, YANG Haoliang, WANG Qiuyun, LI Xiongwei, CHEN Ying
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 259-262. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.009
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    Objective To present a method on separating fingerprint image from fabric background by the manipulation of Photoshop’s Lab mode. Methods The CC2018 version of Photoshop software was used to optimize the scanned samples (harboring fingerprint images of various fabric backgrounds) obtained under the 1200dpi format through the handling of single channel enhancement, channel difference calculation and other choices, with the enhanced fingerprint images being verified via Haixin finger-/palm-print automatic recognition system (version 5.10). Results The Lab mode, one image processing choice of Photoshop, does significantly improve the image quality of fingerprint on fabric background and increase the feature points for comparison. Conclusions With the enhanced processing from Photoshop’s Lab mode, fingerprint images can be efficiently and accurately identified of the feature points, having shown more feature points than those not undergoing through the enhanced processing.
  • Identification of 5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptaminein Injection with GC-MS and GC/FID
    ZHUANG Shun, LIN Jia, YE Shuhai, LI Wei, LI Hangqi, LIN Jian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 263-265. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.010
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    Objective To establish a method for analysis of 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT, sometimes called the Foxy, usually kept in aqueous solution within needleless syringe) with GC-MS and GC/FID. Methods The sample, suspected of containing drug in its aqueous solution with a needleless syringe, was extracted with ethyl acetate, having the extract concentrated and afterwards analyzed with GC-MS and GC/FID. Results An unknown component presented characteristic fragment ion peaks at m/z 114 (base peak), 274, 174, 160, 145,130, 117, 72, 43, showing well-matched to the reference substance of 5-MeO-DiPT with both the retention time and characteristic fragment ion peaks. Thus, the drug in the injection was tentatively identified as 5-MeO-DiPT. The mechanism of the above-mentioned fragment of characteristic mass-spectrum peak was inferred by reference to relevant literatures. The standard curve was linear from 20mg/L to 500mg/L with the relating coefficient of 0.9999 and average recoveries more than 85 %. Conclusion The method established here is simple, reliable and suitable for identification of 5-MeO-DiPT in aqueous solution.
  • Detection of Trace Bromadiolone in Blood by UPLC-HRMS
    LIN Dawei, ZHENG Jiajia, LI Xiuyun, SHAO Kai, XIA Qingbing, SUN Honglei, LI Wenhai
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 266-269. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.011
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    Objective To establish a method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) for quick determination of trace bromadiolone in blood. Methods With 1mL acetonitrile, the sampling blood was extracted and precipitated of protein, afterwards being purified with membrane filtration. The purified sample was injected into a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 capillary column (2.1×50mm×1.8μm) that was eluted with the gradient-running mobile phase of 0.1% formic-water (v/v) and methanol. The resultant data were qualitatively compared against the bromadiolone of its accurate mass, isotopic compatibility, fragmentation information and retaining time, with the full scan external standard curve handling for quantitative research. Results The detected bromadiolone had an effective internal correlation (R2=0.9974), with its average recovery being 73.6%~87.3% and RSD 2.17%~5.69% (n=6). Conclusion The obtained results demonstrated that the method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and reliable, capable of being used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of bromadiolne in blood from the case of trace bromadiolone poisoning.
  • Morphological Observation into Sweat Gland Ducts Spirally Piercing through Epidermis
    WANG Youmin, XIE Xiaohui, CAO Jiming, LI Yanlin, LIANG Na, LIU Jingying
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 270-273. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.012
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    Objective To observe the morphological features of sweat gland ducts on their spirals piercing through the epidermis with the relevant data being measured and analyzed plus the influencing factors discussed. Methods Six samples of finger pulp were respectively cut from the thumb, index or middle finger of the left and/or right hands of two young-or-middle-aged (uncertain of their exact age) male cadavers that were fixed with formalin solution. More than 300 HE-stained sections were made from the cut finger pulp, with 16 eligible ones selected through optical microscope for observation under digital microscope to measure those spiral-stretching sweat gland ducts and analysis of the obtained data. Results The passage of sweat gland ducts in epidermis is of the size-irregular spiral whose average measurement is of 613.50μm in length and the 61.65μm in diameter ranging mostly among 51.15~71.45μm. The spiral goes between 7~9 cycles, with averaging 81.08μm of its pitch ranging across 65.33~96.07μm. The average diameter of the sweat gland duct is 16.20μm, most falling into 12.2~20.25μm. Conclusions The spiral of sweat gland duct in epidermis stretches out with certain regularity, thereby resulting in its length, diameter, number of circles and pitch all changing within a certain range together with the duct’s diameter. To some extent, the characteristic spiral affects the relevant sweat pore on its position and size, potential to underlie the research and identification of the 3rd level characteristics of fingerprint.
  • Police Versatile Underwater Robot: Power Structure Design and Its Implementation
    QIAN Junbing, XU Zhongru, LUO Yongyou, PAN Nan, TANG Mu, CAI Xiaoling, LIU Yi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 274-277. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.013
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    Portable underwater exploration robot ordinarily works in shallow waters where the environment is complex and changeable with many kinds of risks and unpredictable conditions, e.g., turbulence, whirlpool, wind, wave and water pressure, resulting in serious interference with the motion and control of underwater robot. Resistant to the external disturbance, the automatic stability and multiple-dimension-performing flexibility become the basis for underwater robot to research and develop into achieving its underwater control and operation. In this paper, the police versatile underwater robot is presented of its structure design of power system, with the 6-DOF (degree of freedom) driving mode being configured and the motion analysis carried out. The experimental results prove the correctness of both the design and analysis.
  • Comprehensive Survey into Digital Forensic Investigation of SOHO Router
    YUAN Xinyu, ZHANG Xuan, PAN Guangcheng, JIANG Jiguo
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 278-283. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.014
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    SOHO (small office/home office) router, a common network device, is universally used in the household, company, enterprise and other scenarios so that it can provide clues for both the detection of traditional cases and the investigation of cybercrime. This article summarizes the SOHO router about its definition, functions, vendors, hardware architecture, software and the role in criminal investigation. Furthermore, two forensic methods, dynamic and static, are sorted out for investigation of such kinds of router. The dynamic handling involves with the information collection and authority acquisition when the SOHO routers are running while the static deals with the information gathering, connection methods, data extraction and firmware analysis from the SOHO routers that are riveted as evidence.
    • Reviews
  • Evolution of Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction for Pretreatment of Evidential Samples
    ZHANG Ting, LI Yuelong, JIN Hanwen
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 284-288. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.015
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    Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), a new extraction technology, has been developing rapidly in recent years. Magnetic nanoparticles are often used with sample pretreatment for the extraction of substances of purpose, demonstrating their various nanomaterials of good application potential in the aspects of, e.g., food sample pretreatment, removal of environmental pollutants, biological sample separation and others related. Here, a brief introduction was made of the magnetic solid-phase extraction on its adoptive principle, methods and applications, with the summarization being carried out into the applications of extracting the criminal evidence, e.g., the sleep-helping sedatives, toxic alkaloids, pesticides, narcotics and psychoactive drugs among others. In addition, discussions were also conducted about the existing problems of MSPE technology that had been utilized in physical and chemical examination, having expected the future prospects in criminal science and technology. Such a review of magnetic solid-phase extraction technology could have certain contributions to assist the relevant researchers.
  • Application of Gold Nanoparticles into Developing Latent Fingerprint
    WANG Zhonglai, ZHANG Lulu, ZHANG Jingjing, LIU Yujiao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 289-294. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.016
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    Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are of finger skins’ impressions which will be likely found at the crime scene. They are of the most useful physical evidence in forensic identification though most of them are invisible, requiring physical or chemical treatments to enhance their visualization. To date, variety of methods have been exploited for LFPs development, usually characterized by their efficiency and applicable fields. For method selection of LFPs developing, considerations should be placed into these factors: the properties of the surface where the fingerprints deposited, the composition of secretions from finger skin, the age of the fingerprints and the surface condition (wet or not). Presently, nanomaterials are of the current hotspots in researches for LFPs development. Among them, gold nanoparticles are of more advantages, consequently becoming the research focus. Gold nanoparticles are much smaller than most of the particles currently used in practical fingerprint development, having quite different properties such as surface area and roughness so that they are in turn leading to different chemical and physical properties. The new gold-nanoparticle-based LFPs development technology is able to combine the modern instrument analysis with the methods of traditional fingerprint morphology, thereby capable of getting clearer three levels of fingerprint details. Therefore, more abundance of evidence can be provided from fingerprint identification. In addition, gold nanoparticles can also specifically combine with exogenous compounds (e.g., RDX and other explosives) so as to further improve their accuracy and sensitivity of detection. Here, the review was made about the research progress of gold nanoparticles in LFPs development, having summarized the developing principles of gold nanoparticles in the method of powder/metal deposition/functional development and the relevant new technologies, together with the comparison among their characteristics, sensitivity, timeliness, application and the various applicable scope. Some references would be herewith supplied for the research of LFPs development.
    • Forum
  • Enlightenment through Participating in CTS PT Forensic Programs
    SUN Zhenwen, QIAO Ting, AI Kangyun, WANG Guiqiang, ZHU Jun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 295-299. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.017
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    Proficiency testing (PT) is to evaluate the competence of laboratory with inter-laboratory comparison conducted under pre-scheduled criteria. Since 1999, Institute of Forensic Science of China (CIFS) has continuously registered into 100 PT forensic programs organized by Collaborative Testing Services Inc. (CTS). Except for 4 items unable to carry out from the incomplete entry procedures and/or insufficient technical methods, CIFS has been keeping at the satisfaction rate of 99% into the remaining 96 testing programs. This paper introduces the overall status, basic process and classification of PT programs of forensic science. With the statistical analysis of 100 international CTS PT programs registered by CIFS from 1999 to 2018, the summarization was here made on the significance, problems and countermeasures of participating in CTS PT programs. References would be therewith provided for improving the identification ability of China’s forensic laboratories, optimizing the build-up of China’s forensic science and technology, and helping mutual recognition and cooperation among international forensic laboratories.
  • On the Key Elements for Enhancing the Probative Value of Opinions from Footprint Identification under the Current Judicial System
    QIAO Shengnan, JIN Yifeng, BAI Yanping
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 300-304. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.018
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    From time to time, footprint verification and identification is queried of its scientificity and reliability, making it challenged of the probative power from footprint utilization and the relevant expert opinions. Under the perspective of challenge and perplexity about footprint identification, this article analyzes the value of appraisal viewpoint on querying footprint examination, with five key elements being put forward: 1. How to strictly manage and normalize the appraisal subject; 2. Improving the scientificity of evaluation from footprint identification; 3. Optimizing the process for storing footprint evidential materials; 4. Scientifically selecting the standards and indexes for evaluating footprint characteristics; 5. Normatively composing the legal document on footprint identification. It should be helpful to standardize the opinion from footprint identification, therewith capable of having the relevant probative value enhanced.
    • Technical Notes
  • Comparative Analysis of 10000-denomination Counterfeit Burmese Kyat Notes from Two Cases Occurring at Yunnan Border Area
    CUI Lihua, CHEN Xiang, LI Zhihao, LIU Guanhua, ZOU Jixin, QI Fengliang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 305-309. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.019
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    Objective To analyze the various features such as printing characteristics, security features, graphic defects between 10000-denomination counterfeit Burmese Kyat and the genuine one so that the formation of fake Burmese Kyat samples from two cases occurring at Yunnan border area was clarified and traced, thereby guiding the successive step of case tracking and cracking down the den of counterfeiting, plus a method being set up for identifying counterfeit Burmese Kyat. Methods The two kinds of seized counterfeit Burmese Kyat sample were analyzed against the genuine Burmese Kyat by means of graphic inspection and component analysis through the optical inspection equipment, e.g., document detector and microscope, with both the fake and genuine Burmese Kyats also being detected under ultraviolet and transmission light. Results The significant differences were found in both the graphic features and composition between the counterfeit and genuine Burmese Kyat. For instance, the main picture scene of the genuine Burmese Kyat is the product from single color gravure printing, contrasting to the counterfeit one’s four-color printing. Besides, feature differences were also clearly unveiled from defects, security lines, watermarks and inks. Conclusions The counterfeit Burmese Kyat samples collected from the two cases were not correlative each other, resulting from different sources. The here-adopted identification and analysis of Burmese Kyat can be an alternative for similar jobs.
  • Applications and Exampling Cases with UAV Photographing and Video-recoding Crime Scenes
    YAN Yuwen, YU Tao, LIU Guanhua, LU Xilong, LI Zhigang, WANG Mingzhi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 311-316. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.020
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    For the crime scenes, both azimuth and overview photographing/video-recording are required, yet the traditional manipulation is of limitations, e.g., difficulty to find the suitable shooting height/spot around the crime scene, restriction of visual angles at the shooting spot and some dangerous scenes to prevent investigating photographers from entering. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) brings opportunities and promise to overcome the above problems since it excels in good handling performance, flexibility, wide range of environmental adaption and high image quality when it is fixed of man-controlling camera. Here, the introduction was at first conducted of UAV about its basic principle and manipulating methods, with the summarization being put through the actual applications where three suitable typical application scenarios were especially expatiated, the large-scale explosion scene, the high falling scene and the low-lying scene. Successively, the specific operation methods and precautions of UAV were illustrated in combination with the exampling cases of applications at typical crime scenes. Finally, an analysis was carried out on the possibility for UAV to photograph the key areas/subtlety of crime scene, with the applicable prospects of UAV being discussed in the future crime scene investigation.
  • Analysis of Self-binding Behavior of Suicide
    DING Yang, LU Qin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 317-320. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.021
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    Objective To explore the characteristic self-binding behavior of suicide for scene investigation. +Methods Thirty-one cases were collected of suicide with self-binding behavior occurring from 2011 to 2018 in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, together with fourteen relevant published literatures. All cases were retrospectively analyzed. +Results For the thirty-one suicidal cases with self-binding behaviors, the death causes were involved with drowning, hanging, asphyxiation from covering head with plastic bag, electric shock, charcoal burning and fire. +Conclusions The characteristic self-binding behaviors are of associability with the death cause. The conditions of binding hands can indicate whether the binding behavior was done by oneself of the suicide, demonstrating the complex self-binding conduct being meticulous and inefficient. The investigation points of suicidal cases with self-binding should focus on the achievability by experiments of finishing the conduct by just one single person, careful investigation into the scene and every aspects/items of the case in accordance with the stipulated homicidal standards and requirements.
  • Verification of 3,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine from a Case
    LI Junbo
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 321-324. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.022
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    One unknown substance, seized from a case, was suspected of synthetic from ephedrine. Under identical gas chromatographic conditions, the substance showed the same retention time as that of ephedrine, yet different for their mass spectra, thereby indicating its actual molar mass of 177 amu. As suggested by the literature searched, ephedrine can react with aldehyde to produce oxazolidine. Thus, the more 12 amu of molar mass of the unknown compound than ephedrine can be potentially accounted for addition of a carbon atom into the ephedrine that had reacted with formaldehyde. Through synthesis of 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-l,3-oxazolidine with standard ephedrine and formaldehyde, GC-MS was used to analyze both the newly-synthesized compound and that unknown substance from case, revealing same retention time from the two analyzed compounds together with their spectra being well-matched. Therefore, the unknown compound from case was confirmed to be 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine.
    • Exchangeable Experience
  • Murder Disguised as Death from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Inside Car
    NIE Zhongyu, ZHAN Mengjun, DENG Zhenhua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 325-327. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.023
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    Deaths caused with CO (carbon monoxide) poisoning occur sometimes, usually being required into forensic investigation although most of them are accidental and/or suicidal. In recent years, the cases of CO poisoning resulted from the exhaust emitted from automobiles are increasing, with the major reason being attributed to improper use of the automobile’s air conditioning. This paper reports a case of murder that was disguised as death from CO poisoning inside car. Through analysis of the fact of the case, references could be provided for colleagues to pay attention into the scene inspection, on-site investigation and truth determination of relevant cases.
  • Investigative Experiment plus Autopsy to Pinpoint the Fact of a Case
    REN Xiaochun, CAI Xiaowei
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(3): 328-330. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.03.024
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    A description was put here about a case that was solved through comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis although the case fact was ambiguous on receipt of it. A deceased was alleged of being beaten to death, contradictory against the confession of the offender that the death causation was from the deceased’s hypertension to let him tumble. Followed with a series of assignments of meticulous scene investigation, postmortem examination and rigorous investigative experiment plus reasonable deduction, the positional relation was ascertained between the deceased and the suspected vehicle, having the injury process clarified. Finally, the corollary was proved with the suspect’s statement and witness’ testimony so that a steadfast foundation was laid for the case to litigate smoothly.

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