15 April 2020, Volume 45 Issue 2
    

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    Special for the 13th Five-Year Plan
  • Cogitation into Human Image Identification
    XU Lei, LI Zhigang, LI Zhihui, XIE Lanchi, WANG Guiqiang, XU Xiaojing, HUANG Wei, GUO Jingjing, ZHANG Ning, YAN Yuwen, HOU Xinyu, WANG Lei, LIU Guangyao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 111-116. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    With the continuous construction of video surveillance fixture, human image identification has been widely used in criminal investigation because human image comparison can verify a person’s identity. However, human image identification is complicated and subjective more or less, resulting in controversies about the methods and conclusions from such forensic comparison. Hence, only a few laboratories still preserve the item of human image identification. In order to clarify the related issues of human image identification, this paper sorted out the key problems and made discussions, focusing on the topics of the standards for human image identification home and abroad, human image characteristics, identification procedures and methods, and the identification conclusion. The authors also expounded their thinking and understanding on some concepts and viewpoints. For human image characteristics, the authors believe that they should be categorized into the class characteristics and individualising features. About human image characteristics classification, the authors think that clothing and dressed accessories ought to ascribe as the substantial article item that has its own relating identification standard, and thus would be more appropriate to be separately examined as the image of substantial article item. For the identification conclusion, the authors discriminated the expressions of two domestic standards on human image identification, suggesting the unambiguous expressions of conclusion based on their understanding from human image examination. Since the general accepted methods are lacked for human image identification and even some present methods have disputes, a good human image identification method, therefore, must be evolved from more practice and improvement. With the summarization and ideas here, valuable references would be provided for human image identification to better develop.
  • EA-YPredictor: One New Software Developed to Predict Pedigree Haplogroup Based on Y-STR Haplotypes
    YIN Caiyong, SUN Hui, ZHOU Huaigu, JIN Li, LI Shilin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.002
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    Y chromosome, male specific, carres the genetic markers that could indicate the bio-geographic information of unknown male individuals, therefore playing vital and unique roles in pedigree searching and individuals tracking. Y-SNPs, the genetic markers hardly occurring of reverse mutation, harbor extreme low mutation rate compared to Y-STRs. Thus, male individuals of the same lineages always carry the specific Y-SNPs of their identical ancestors. However, Y-SNP typing is time- and cost- consuming, making it not an ideal tool for investigation. To target suspects’ pedigree for investigation purpose, Y-SNP haplogroups were here tentatively predicted from the current 17 Y-STR haplotypes that are commonly used for Y-database construction. With re-evaluation of previous research results and analysis of the open East-Asian datasets from 1000-Genome Project (Phase III), one new Y-STR-based pedigree-specific haplogroup prediction software, EA-YPredictor, was developed through calculation of genetic distance and Y chromosomal phylogenetic tree reconstruction, hence successfully having screened the 15 Y-SNP major haplogroups out from the core 17 Y-STR haplotypes on the adaptable Java platform or Microsoft Excel formulation. Randomly selected of 70 new samples, EA-YPredictor was tested of its prediction accuracy (92.8%, 95% CI: [84.1%, 97.6%]), revealing the exact Y haplogroup affiliation to the males of East Asian ancestry, thereby demonstrating its validity to predict the Y-SNP haplogroup of samples in existing Y chromosome database. Following the next-generation sequencing technology to confirm the location and annotation of more Y-STRs and Y-SNPs, EA-YPredictor will be definitely optimized further so that more indications would be provided on screening which set of Y-SNP markers from Y chromosome databases.
  • Application of Statistical Methods into Interpreting Data from Trace Evidence
    WANG Li, GUO Hongling, ZHU Jun, WANG Ping
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 125-130. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Statistics plays an increasing important role in interpreting scientific data. Statistical methods have recently been received more and more attention in forensic science, especially in the field of trace evidence. Varieties of analytical method are often used to analyze different kinds of trace evidence, producing multidimensional physical and chemical data. Choosing the appropriate statistical methods to interpret the complicated data is crucial for the examiners to be provided with more convincing results from the investigated trace evidence. The commonly-used statistical methods in the field of trace evidence are summarized in this paper, with the explanation about the problems existing in the related statistical methods. In addition, a brief introduction is made about the application of new statistical methods, e.g., the likelihood ratio and Bayesian statistics.
  • Feasibility for MicroRNA Profiling to Identify Monozygotic Twins
    ZHAO Yixia, JI Anquan, SUN Qifan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.004
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    It is extremely problematic to discriminate between monozygotic twins (MZTs) because they share same genomic DNA sequence, causing them difficult to identify through the traditional DNA-sequence-based analytic methods such as STR (short tandem repeat) profiling. Therefore, the cases involving MZTs are posing great challenges to forensic scientists. Thus, new technical methods are demanded about forensic biological evidence. With the progressing development of epigenetics, the transcriptome has been becoming a new attraction for forensic researchers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), among the important epigenetic research subjects, are endogenous small non-coding-for-protein RNA molecules, participating into many physiological regulatory processes. Accordingly, owing to the characteristics of high invariability, low molecular weight, ubiquitous abundance, temporal correlation and strong tissue-specificity, miRNAs have been showing potential in forensic applications. This paper reviews the recent research progress of miRNAs for eligible identification of monozygotic twins into forensic genetics.
  • Method on Analyzing Evidential Videos from the Investigated Cases
    XIE Lanchi, LI Zhigang, WANG Guiqiang, XU Lei, LI Zhihui, HUANG Wei, GUO Jingjing, ZHANG Ning, YAN Yuwen, HOU Xinyu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 138-142. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.005
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    Objective The video-investigating professionals have responsibility to make due written reports on describing and interpreting the video-recorded event sequence. In practice, such reports are usually organized with text of words by chronological order. Here, a comprehensive method was provided to bring out the report with not only text but diagram as well. Methods The concept was at-first proposed on the evidential video to be interpreted and analyzed. In completion of qualitative and quantitative analysis into the video-recorded people, vehicles and objects about their status and mutual relations, the approaches were comprehensively conducted through image processing and measurement, field experimental simulation plus other technical choices. Results With presentation of the analytical results in the form of a combination of words, pictures and charts, the clearer and more complete description was made of the event process reflected by the video from crime scene. The method described here has already been applied into the video analysis of serious and extremely-bad cases. Conclusions For cases of long duration or complex actions performed with key targets, the comprehensive report comprised of both written words and diagram is helpful to recover facts and improve the proof ability of the evidential video.
  • Brief Introduction to the Forensic Laboratories of New York City
    QIN Da, LÜ Hairu, FANG Fang, MENG Qingzhen
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 143-147. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.006
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    New York City, the largest one of the United States of America, is famous for its population size and developed economy, therefore having brought its forensic science into long history and considerable reputation. The forensic organization of New York City is mainly run and performed by both the New York Police Department (NYPD) and the city’s Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME). The one of NYPD is mainly responsible for investigation of the controlled substances (drugs and narcotics), trace evidence, fingerprints, footprints, gunshot residues and questioned document examination, whereas the one of OCME is for verification from forensic biology (DNA), toxicology, forensic pathology and forensic anthropology. In this paper, a brief introduction to the police institution of both the United States and New York City is presented at first, and then the forensic organizations of NYPD and OCME are respectively illustrated about their laboratory affiliation, divisions and services, and work functions.
  • Sequence Polymorphism of 24 Y-STR Loci among Miao-ethnic Population in Yunnan Province
    YANG Kairun, GUO Liliang, WU Hao, LIU Zongwei, LIU Chan, ZHAO Guangbin, WANG Ziqi, NIE Shengjie, WANG Le, WU Jian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 148-154. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.007
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    Objective To investigate the sequence polymorphism of 24 Y-STR among Miao-ethnic male individuals in Yunnan province. Methods From 108 unrelated males of Yunnan Miao-ethnic population, DNA was respectively extracted with MagAttract M48 DNA Manual kit. Y-STR-specific libraries were constructed through ForenSeqTM DNA Signature Prep kit, and sequenced into the Miseq FGx platform. Sequence data were analyzed with ForenSeq Universal Analysis v1.2.1 software, and calculated of their Y-STR-locus-related statistical parameters via Arlequin v3.5 software. Y-STR loci length polymorphism was compared against sequence polymorphism. Results A total of 106 haplotypes were observed in 108 unrelated males from Yunnan Miao-ethnic male individuals. The overall haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) were 0.9993 and 0.9815, respectively. Totally, 204 genes were detected in 24 Y-STR loci, with their value of gene diversity (GD) ranging from 0.2177 to 0.9481. The GD values of 15 out of the 24 loci were over 0.6, and sequence polymorphism was observed in DYF387S1, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS437, DYS438, DYS448 and DYS612. Conclusion The 24 Y-STR loci showed high genetic polymorphism in the Yunnan Miao-ethnic male individuals, capable of providing reference for Y-STR database construction, population genetics and forensic practice.
    • Special for the 14th Five-Year Plan
  • Polygraphing from Speech Stress through Layered Voice Analysis
    CHAO Yadong, WANG Huapeng, LIU En, NI Lingge, LIU Yuanzhou
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 155-159. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.008
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    Objective To explore the performance of LVA (layered Voice Analysis) system in different situations so as to find out the factors that affect the recognition rate of the system by analyzing the collected phonetic data. Methods Twenty subjects were asked with questions under two different scenarios, having their answering voices recorded. The recorded speech samples were detected by LVA system so that thus-generated parameters were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results The average recognition rate of LVA system was 91.75% when the subjects were not informed of the truth of experiment, contrasting against the comparatively lower recognition rate while the subjects were informed. When being questioned, the subjects were gradually decreasing their psychological pressure with time elapsing if no sensitive questions were involved. Conclusions LVA speech system is well able to use into emotion analysis and recognition, capable of providing reference for judicial work.
    • Special for the 15th Five-Year Plan
  • Accuracy of Determining Vehicle Speed by the Involved Video
    JIA Changming, WU Wenlong, WANG Qian, WANG Yongdi, WANG Yule
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 160-164. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.009
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    Objective To test the accuracy of determining vehicle speed by the involved video and explore the influencing factors. Methods At the selected field, the experimental vehicle was driven at a constant speed across a distance, with its moving course being recorded by four cameras that had been fixed at different positions (1: a site at the high storey of a building beside the road that the vehicle rolled past; 2: a side place vertical/slanting to the road; 3: the vehicle-carried tachograph). Based on the frames and elapsed time from the recorded videos, the vehicle’s speed was respectively measured and compared. Results From the analysis of relevant theory and experimental data, the metrical errors mainly relate to the vehicle’s speed, video’s frame rate, aligning accuracy of the reference points selected on the vehicle against the ones on road, the vehicle-rolled distance, and the screen size of the video-playing machine. Conclusions In contrast with the traditional mechanical approach, vehicle speed determination by the involved video is of both better accuracy and reliability, with the average error between 5% and 10%. For the night circumstance, the reference points on the vehicle had better choose around the contour of the vehicle’s lights with the exception of dazzling.
    • Special for the 16th Five-Year Plan
  • Identification of AMB-FUBINACA with the Indicative Clue from GC-MS Database and Results of LC-Q-TOF-MS
    WANG Xuehu, HU Haonan, JIANG Guojun, ZHANG Qianshang, CHEN Jin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 165-168. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.010
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    Objective To introduce a novel method on identifying the structure of one illegal synthetic cannabinoid. Methods One seized evidential material (from the so-called “twig” drug) was detected of undefined component. Through skillful use of the indicative clue from GC-MS database by the retrieval results in combination of the ones from LC-Q-TOF-MS plus the literature reports, the comparison was conducted into the molecular formulae that were deduced by both the resultant fragments of primary mass spectrums from high-resolution LC-Q-TOF-MS and GC-MS database, thereby the structure of targeted substance being derived to conform that of the fragment (error about 4×10-7) of second mass spectrum from LC-Q-TOF-MS and meanwhile belonging to the fragment from GC-MS. Finally, the undefined “twig” component was determined of AMB-FUBINACA (one kind of indazole amides, also a cannabinoid-class chemical with its official name of chemistry being methyl 2-({1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl}amino)-3-methylbutanoate). Results With the result of AMB-FUBINACA identified, the case of selling synthetic cannabinoids (“twig”) on the Internet was solved. Conclusion The approach adopted here can provide a new choice to resolve the structure of one unknown drug.
    • Special for the 17th Five-Year Plan
  • Determination of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Human Blood by QuECHERS-GC/MS
    LIU Jin, MAO Haifeng, CAI Hongxin, YANG Hongguo, HU Lifeng, LUO Wenbo, NI Chunfang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 169-172. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.011
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    Objective To develop a method for quick analysis of pyrethroid pesticides in human blood by QuECHERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe)-GC/MS. Methods With C18 and PSA as the absorbents, QuECHERS-GC/MS was conducted to determine the seven pyrethroid pesticides: bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin in human blood. Results For the seven pyrethroid pesticides tested, their linear range was of 1.0~10.0μg/mL, with RSD being among 5.6~10.3%, recovery range spanning across 79.6~108.6%, and the lowest detecting limits among 0.1~0.3μg/mL. Conclusions This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, capable of being used for rapid detection of pyrethroid pesticide in casework.
    • Special for the 18th Five-Year Plan
  • Determination of Trace Sucrose in Diesel Oil by UPLC-MS/MS
    LIU Shucheng, TANG Jin, WU Hai, YAN Xiaojun, XU Liansheng, GAO Mi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 173-175. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.012
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    Objective To detect the trace sucrose in diesel oil by ultra-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrum (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods Sucrose was extracted from the diesel oil sample through deionized water for analysis by UPLC-MS/MS, which was performed on a ZORBAX RX-SIL (2.1mm×150mm, 5µm) column being flowed with acetonitrile-water, the mobile phase, along with mass spectrometric acquisition being carried out by electrospray ionization in negative mode plus multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Results The detected sucrose was of linear range among 50.0~1000.0µg/L, limits of detection (LOD) 10.0 µg/L and limits of quantification (LOQ) 15.0µg/L. The mean recoveries of low, middle and high concentrations were respective of 85.5%, 91.5%, 90.3%, bringing forth all of the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10%. Conclusions The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, stable and reliable, capable of being applied into forensic identification.
    • Reviews
  • Applications of Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry into Detection of Evidential Material
    WANG Xiao, CHEN Pengbo, LIU Yan, HU Yiteng, ZHANG Chi, HAO Hongxia
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 176-182. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.013
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    Developing simple, rapid and preprocessing-less mass-spectrometric methodology has always been a big challenge in forensic science. Recently, paper spray mass spectrometry (ps-ms) has been receiving considerable attention with its simplicity of handling, swiftness and sensitivity, low cost and high efficiency. This paper reviewed the latest applications of paper spray mass spectrometry, with the focus being placed onto analyzing toxicant/narcotics, abused drugs, pesticide residues; the safety supervision of food and daily-used goods; the document examination and the explosives detection. An outlook was finally elucidated about the further application of paper spray mass spectrometry.
  • Insight on Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy into Forensic Identification of Cerebral Contusion or Laceration
    ZUO Yingying, LI Jian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 183-187. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.014
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    Cerebral contusion/laceration is one commonly-seen craniocerebral injury. Single histopathological techniques are difficult to early detect or accurately diagnose cerebral contusion/laceration. Fourier transform infrared spectrum mapping (FTIR-mapping), a new approach for pathology, integrates the specifics of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, infrared microscopy and mapping, therefore making it assume the advantages of simple measuring, no damaging to sample, high sensitivity, accuracy and convenience for observation. FTIR-mapping breaks through the limitations of traditional technology, with the ability to detect the cerebral contusion/laceration that has changed in quantity, structure and conformation yet lacked obvious morphological alterations, thus realizing the early and accurate diagnosis of cerebral contusion/laceration. Although FTIR-mapping has presently been able to depict the infrared spectral pathologic images of some damaged tissues, its potential in forensic pathology is still expecting to be thoroughly developed. This article reviews the progress of forensic pathological studies on cerebral contusion/laceration, with inclusion of the applications of FTIR-mapping into forensic pathology.
    • Technical Notes
  • Tool Development from Analysis into the Principle of Data En-/De-crypting through a Case Solving
    REN Fengkai, GONG Fangzhi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.015
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    With the aggravation of anti-investigation awareness of criminal suspects, the encrypted files are often found in the case-involving TF cards, U disks and other storage media. These encrypted data ordinarily contain valuable information for investigation and prosecution so that decrypting the data becomes crucial for the data to extract successfully. Here, the principle of data encryption and decryption was explored into a cult-involving case based on XOR operation, thereby making it designed of the decryption software that can acquire the relevant passwords rapidly. Accordingly, the investigators extracted the encryption program from the tested materials, reversely conducting the encryption verification through analyzing both the principle and method into the encrypting/decrypting data before and after ciphering. In order to improve the efficiency of decryption, the investigators further developed one Windows-performing application through C# language, having devised a decryption tool, TFCrack. Therefore, the passwords can be easily and quickly obtained, and the hidden data resolved swiftly.
  • Application of MSCT Examination into Cervical Vertebra Injury of Cadavers
    NI Weiyong, LI Boer, LI Bole, YANG Chaopeng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 193-196. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.016
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    Cervical vertebra injury (CVI) is sometimes examined into the involving cadaver by forensic coroner. MSCT (multi-slice spiral computed tomography), being commonly utilized with clinical diagnosis about CVI, is attaching more and more importance to forensic examination of corpse. Here, the requirements were discussed for postmortem examination to use MSCT into CVI, with the relevant methods being sought for the cadavers suspicious of CVI. Through MSCT examination into the cervical vertebrae cut from a corpse that was suspected of CVI, the tiny cervical vertebral fractures had been quickly and accurately displayed together with their spatial distribution, thus the way of injuring the victim was determined easily. MSCT examination does bring forward a good solution targeting against the problems of time-consuming and laboriousness, proneness to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis in traditional autopsy.
  • Application of IR Differential Spectrum Technology into Testing the Mixed Paint of Micro-quantity
    WANG Yan, XU Jun, CHENG Yu, TANG Hui, LÜ Jun, GAO Liang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 197-200. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.017
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    Objective To make certain of the legal responsibility of the involved cars in traffic accidents, the evidential paint chips from the relevant cars were usually compared with one another to verify whether they are of same source or not. However, it is very difficult for many cases to extract source-single paint chips in some circumstances. Commonly, the mixed paint chips were obtained, bringing much more obstruction for detection. Here, the IR (infrared) differential spectrum technology was to introduce for solving such a problem so that the different substances can be distinguished from the mixed paint chips. Methods Three methods of extraction and sample preparation were used into different paint chips from a traffic accident, with the prepared samples being analyzed by IR spectrameter. The spectrograms were processed by IR differential spectrum technology to eliminate the interference among the substances of mixed paint chips. Results Two functional groups were almost the same of their peaks’ position, shape and absorption strength between the processed spectrogram and the controlling sample’s. Thus, a conclusion can be made that the two compared samples are same. Conclusions The IR differential spectrum technology can provide supports for comparison of mixed paint chips.
  • Allelic Dropout of D18S51 from Single Nucleotide Mutation in the Primer Zone
    LIN Hanguang, DONG Jianguo, ZHONG Siting, TANG Jianpin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 201-203. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.018
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    Objective To ascertain the allelic dropout of D18S51 locus. Methods The samples, found of allelic dropout in D18S51 locus, were genotyped by different STR kits so that the allele 19 was targeted to have it sequenced. Results A mutation was observed from single one nucleotide in the primer zone at the flanking region of allele 19 within D18S51 locus. Conclusions The different STR kits should be used to genotype the samples for parentage test in order to avoid misjudging patriarchy when paternity testing reveals inconformity to the Mendel’s law of segregation.
  • Analysis of 215 Touch DNA Samples Extracted from Guns
    XIA Lei, FAN Jinglai, FU Weixin, DUAN Ziying
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 204-206. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.019
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    Objective To analyze the extraction, detection and tested results from 215 pieces of touch DNA samples obtained from case-involved guns so as to explore the detection rate and the potential influencing factors. Methods 215 pieces of touch DNA samples, collected from different positions of various guns involving with cases since 2013, were tested and statistically analyzed according to the extraction site, tested time, detection method and detection rate. Results Of the 215 pieces of DNA samples extracted from case-involved guns, 35 ones were successfully detected of their STR profiles, resulting in a detection rate of 16.28%. No evident difference was found of the detection rate for the touch DNA samples to be extracted from various positions on the guns. There was no significant discrepancy of detection rate with either silicon membrane method or modified silicon-based one to extract the DNA. Certainly, a higher detection rate was shown from the earlier-tested samples, demonstrating significant of statistics. Conclusions Detection rate of the touch DNA extracted from gun was somehow correlated with extraction site, tested time and detection method. Ordinarily, the samples of such kind should be extracted reasonably and timely tested with appropriate detection methods.
    • Exchangeable Experience
  • Exploration into the Working Mode of Footprint Judgment
    WEN Fuxing, YANG Haobin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 207-210. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.020
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    For the role of footprint judgment to give full play, the consideration was here made about the correlative working mode. Through the analysis of the successful experience from Shanghai, Changsha and other advanced areas, the difficulties of popularizing advanced experience were discussed, revealing two aspects to be the major hindrance: one, the leaders’ recognition, and two, the ideology. Accordingly, a concept of combatting squad was thereby put forward, intending to promote the work of footprint judgment more suitably. From evaluation of the time consumption and importance of each step, the working mode of combatting squad was further elaborated about its advantages when confronting with such insufficiency as of human, financial and material resources, with purpose to benefit the work of footprint judgment and its promotion.
  • Two Cases of Applying All-different Autosomal STR loci to Predict Relationships of Close-relatives
    HUANG Shuqin, FANG Yuanyuan, GU Dingli, LIU Xiaojing, ZHANG Yingying, SHEN Chengbin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 211-214. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.021
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    Objective To attempt a quick and efficient solution for difficult cases to break down through predicting the involving kinships by the all-different loci of autosomal STR. Methods With all-different autosomal STR loci revealed from the evidential materials and involved individuals investigated of two cases, the correlated kinship was predicted into the relationship of uncle-nephew, grandparent-grandchild or half-sibling. Furthermore, the whole-sibling relationship was scored by IBS (identity by state). Combined with family screening through Y-STR test and newly-detected information, the two cases were finally solved. Results The practice attempted here could be valuable for predicting the potential relationships of sibling, uncle-nephew, grandparent-grandchildren and other consanguinities through fully digging the contained information from the evidential materials and the collected samples. Conclusions All-different autosomal STR loci, together with the shared autosomal STR alleles, can be used to predict consanguinity through the help of correlated family screening by Y-STR loci, thus capable of providing a new idea for investigating cases or guiding investigation.
  • Analysis into the Characteristic Damaged Marks Resulted from Aerodynamic Impact in High-speed-railway Tunnel
    YANG Yubo, CUI Jun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 215-217. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.022
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    When a high-speed train rolls through a tunnel at high speed, the air driven by the galloping bulky train body can form an energy-intensive impacting airflow as a result of the restraint of the tunnel’s wall, causing occasional damages and falling off from the involved equipment and facilities, thereby endangering the safety of high-speed-railway operation. The occurrence of such incidents is often mistakenly believed of man-contrived, bringing forth a report of destruction case that was requested to probe into. Through a real case of its on-site probing and investigation of an incident involving a high-speed train, the process was here analyzed about how the high-speed-railway tunnel formed the aerodynamic impact to damage the location-special facilities and the characteristics of the resulted marks, thus having accurately identified the reality of the incident and its causation. Furthermore, discussion was made into the difference between the marks caused by aerodynamic impact and the ones formed by common tools.
  • Toxicological Analysis into Criminal Investigation: Case Report
    SHI Chuansheng, QU Lei, WANG Hui, TIAN Leilei
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2020, 45(2): 218-220. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2020.02.023
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    Toxicological analysis mainly involves with the separation and identification of either the biological evidential materials or toxic substances or both of legal issue, capable of finding out the cause of poisoning and clarifying the reality of case so as to make it a crucially indispensable pivot for determination of the involving death causation. With the recent development of toxicological assay and identification technology, toxicological analysis has been being played more and more important role in case investigation and solution. Two cases were here reported of death from poisoning. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, tetrathiophosphorus and carbon monoxide were respectively detected from the key evidential materials. Combined with the on-site investigation and other supporting evidential materials, the two cases had been successfully solved.

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