15 December 2019, Volume 44 Issue 6
    

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    Special for the 13th Five-Year Plan
  • LI Zhihui, WANG Guiqiang, XU Xiaojing, LI Zhigang, HUANG Wei, XIE Lanchi, ZHANG Ning, GUO Jingjing, XU Lei, YAN Yuwen, HOU Xinyu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 471-476. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Image materials are important evidential source for court verdict. Forensic image analysis can obtain effectual information through deep and special interpretation into the involving videos, photos and other image materials, hence providing essential support to litigation. However, the amount-huge image data, plus the ever-complexing and various requirements upon image analysis, demand to build up a scientific and precise framework for forensic image analysis so as to clearly define the scope of investigating viscera and application about the task. This paper tries to build such a framework. Through synthesizing the present research and application achievements into the current applicative requirements about forensic image evidence, a new framework for forensic image interpretation is presented from discussion of the relevant detailed context, influencing factors and application bound.
  • ZHU Hongwei, WEI Chunsheng, ZHANG Kai, LIU Jiuling, SHAO Jianying, LU Yanyan, SUN Lin, HE Shitang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 477-482. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.002
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    Objective To analyze the volatile and semi-volatile components contained in the residual hydroxylimine manufacture collected on the scene. Methods The hydroxylimine residues were collected, then detected by gas chromatography with surface acoustic wave (GC-SAW), with the related standard materials being determined. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to verify the above determination. Results Both GC-SAW and GC-MS showed that the hydroxylimine residues contains the main component of hydroxylimine plus the raw materials of the synthesized hydroxylamine: 2-chlorobenzonitrile, cyclopentanone and the like. Conclusions GC-SAW can achieve accurate and rapid qualitative analysis of hydroxylimine residues. The method proposed here has the advantages of no pretreatment, fast analysis, and the ability to detect on site, thus bringing forward a new avenue for the rapid detection of precursor chemicals and drugs.
  • LIAN Zhe, LIANG Luning, ZOU Jixin, YIN Baohua, WANG Weixin, LI Zhihao, CHI Wei, YANG Ruiqin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 483-489. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.003
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    Chemicals are commonly applied by paper-making industry to improve the paper quality and reduce costs. Species and quantity of the chosen chemicals vary with the development of paper-making technology, making them able to indicate a time when they were of the then-conventional choices. Thus, qualitative and quantitative analysis of these chemicals can determine the age of relevant paper according to the time selecting the chemicals. In this paper, examination methods are reviewed about several chemicals commonly used into paper, with the evaluation on their possibility for forensic expertise to apply. Finally, the main problems and countermeasures are put forward of paper age-determining for forensic purpose.
  • Research Articles
  • AO Qi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 490-496. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.004
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    Modern automobile, as an industrial product, can be determined by its model, vehicle identification number (VIN), engine number, gearbox/airbag code and other identifying indicators. In the previous article, the author comprehensively reported about the integrative examination for the uniqueness of automobile’s identity from the items of basis, contents, methods and procedure, along with the detailed illumination for the inspection techniques and approaches of vehicle model and VIN. In this paper, the expatiation on examining the uniqueness of automobile’s identity will be placed on the compiling rules of engine number, gearbox code, airbag code among other necessary identifiers.
  • LI Yiyi, ZHOU Zhifei, ZHANG Gang, CUI Bin, WANG Xiaolin, MA Xinhe
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 497-501. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.005
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    Objective A simple, feasible, accurate and reliable method was here studied to reproduce the ballistic evidence of its own 3D morphology and characteristic marks patterns so as to improve their comparison efficiency into excelling the traditional handling by microscope. Methods Based on the requirements of good fluidity, low shrinkage of solidified mold, stable physical properties and high tear-resistance, the high polymer materials were selected as the molding stuff. In combination of both the rapid tooling technology and injection-molding one, a new approach, the so-called plastic-molding of ballistic evidence, was established to duplicate the 3D shape and trace features of the involved bullet and cartridge case (those ballistic evidence). Results The duplicated model produced by this manipulation revived the ballistic evidence of not only its three-dimensional shape but also the fine mark features, having shown the same efficiency and effect as those of the original evidence for examination. Conclusions The duplicated model is almost identical to the original ballistic evidence with both of their shapes and mark features, therefore capable of meeting multi-person and simultaneous examination onto same ballistic evidence, thus improving the efficiency of mark comparison and having series of cases linked easier.
  • XUAN Yu, SUN Jiancong, SHEN Yu, LIU Jiming, FU Defeng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 502-506. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.006
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    Objective To analyze the unknown ingredients of the new-type drug, “twig”, through their mass spectra, with purpose to provide a reference for the relevant detection and applicative researches. Methods The sample of “twig” was extracted with methanol, then detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After contrastive analysis of structures of the major radicals from the common synthetic cannabinoids, the mass-spectrum-specific fragments correlating with synthetic cannabinoid were found from the “twig”. Further, the involved fragmenting pathways were explanatively proposed. Results The major unknown ingredients from “twig” were proved to be 5F-AMB and MDMB-CHMICA, being classified into the synthetic cannabinoids of indole carboxamide and indazole carboxamide, respectively. Conclusions The molecular structures of the major unknown ingredients of “twig” were confirmed, having complemented the data of NIST mass-spectral library.
  • ZHANG Shuguang, WANG Xianhui, SU Lijuan, JIA Fuquan, RONG Rong, LIU Changhai
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 507-511. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.007
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    Objective To explore the correlation between heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) or androgen receptor (AR) and sudden death after myocardial infarction through comparing the expression of AR and H-FABP in the group of sudden death of myocardial infarction against the control group so that an objective basis might be provided for forensic pathological diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Methods 42 cases of sudden death of myocardial infarction (the experimental group) and 20 cases of death of non-coronary disease (control group) were selected from the autopsied cadavers collected during 2011 to 2014 by the judicial identification center of Inner Mongolia medical university. The expressions of both AR and H-FABP in cardiac tissues from either the experimental or control group were detected with immuno-histochemical SP method. Results A significant difference was revealed in the expression of both AR and H-FABP between the experimental and control group (both of P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of AR was significantly reduced in both the coronary arteries and myocardial tissues of the cadavers died suddenly of myocardial infarction, suggesting that AR has protective effect to the cardiovascular system, capable of providing reference for the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The expression of H-FABP was also significantly decreased in the infarcted myocardia, therefore eligible for a postmortem diagnostic indicator about myocardial infarction, too.
  • HUANG Kai, XIE Li, CHEN Bing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 512-516. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.008
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    Objective To develop the fingerprint soaked for different time with multi-metal deposition through colloidal gold (MMDCG). Methods The fingerprints, being kept on 6 various objects (yellow/transparent adhesive tape, ceramic tile, chromatic rigid plastic, beverage plastic bottle and pop can) that had been soaked for different time (3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), were visualized by MMDCG. So were they by SPR (MoS2), the common method to develop fingerprint on the surface of soaked object. The comparison was made on their fingerprint-developing effect between the two methods. Results For the soaking time of 3 and 12 hours, both methods can reveal the fingerprints on the surfaces of soaked objects, with the MMDCG showing clearer fingerprints. As the longer soaking time made the SPR (MoS2) approach unable to develop fingerprint, MMDCG was still effective, having developed of the fingerprints on 3 (yellow/transparent adhesive tape, chromatic rigid plastic) out of the 6 objects that had been soaked for 72 hours. Conclusion Multi-metal deposition through colloidal gold (MMDCG) is more effective than SPR (MoS2) to develop the fingerprints on soaked objects.
  • YE Fangjian, JIN Yifeng, BAI Yanping, JIANG Xuemei, LU Xilong, LIN Min, NIE Hao, GAO Shan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 517-519. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.009
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    Objective To inquire into the rate of detecting DNA from trace biologic evidential materials collected around shoeprints. Methods Ten male volunteers of different ages left their footprints on three kinds of indoor carriers: wood floor, tile and vinyl floor. Vacuuming absorbance and swab-wiping were used to crop around the shoeprints the conceivable biologic evidential materials that were afterwards undergone DNA test. Results For samples collected with swabs, the detection rates were respectively 22.5%, 7.5% and 7.5% of the DNA around the shoeprints on tile, wood floor and vinyl floor. For samples collected by vacuuming absorbance, the detection rates were respectively 0%, 5% and 2.5% of the DNA around shoeprints on the same order-listing carriers as indicated above. Conclusions It is likely to detect DNA from the trace biologic evidential materials around shoeprints. Swab-wiping is better to glean biologic evidential materials from the carriers adopted in this study.
  • YANG Aimin, SUN Xiangtai, SUN Tao, TAN Bin, LIN Fei
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 520-523. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.010
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    The exhalation was quickly received from the suspected drug user with our self-invented exhalation gatherer, being tested with UPLC-MS/MS to verify whether the suspect is a drug sucker from even a trace amount of methamphetamine exhaled. Through exhalation collection from 67 suspected drug users with the gatherer said above, the analytic data showed that the detection rate is above 99.9% for the drug user to exhale within 12 hours after freak-out, 95% within 24 hours, and 90% in 48 hours. The improved exhalation gatherer was tested of its absorbability of gasified drug through collecting the vapor from water-dissolved methamphetamine being blown into, revealing that detection limit was 1000ng/mL under the air-blowing velocity of 500 mL/m for 2 minutes. Compared with blood, urine, hair and other tissue-sourced materials, the exhalation collected with our sampling gatherer is easy to treat and test in less time. Exhalation detection is a stable, practical and accurate method.
  • Reviews
  • WANG Xiao, CUI Meng, CHEN Pengbo, LIU Yan, CAO Yanping, HAO Hongxia
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 524-529. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.011
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    Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an optical phenomenon of physics. The SPR-based detection methodologies play an important role of efficient tools in forensic analysis thanks to their well-known advantages of sensitivity, selectivity, easy functioning, rapid detection, affordability and capability of miniaturization and automation. With the merit of non-destructive, in-situ, real-time and dynamic measurement in natural conditions, the relevant technology has been widely used into biology, medicine, chemistry and forensic science. Numerous reporting applications of SPR can be found about forensic researches in the most qualified journals of analytical chemistry/biochemistry, angewandte chemie, analytica chimica acta, biosensors and bioelectronics among others. This article reviews the most widespread SPR-based sensing methodologies and their applications for evidence analysis, enumerating with elucidation into the SPR sensors of SPR/SPRi, fiber optic and the localized. The advantages and existing problems of SPR in evidence analysis have also been discussed although significant improvements have been achieved in recent years by the combination of SPR with mass spectrometry (MS) that pushed their wider usage into complex forensic analysis and real cases.
  • WANG Aihua, REN Xinxin, JU Yanyan, LI Na, SONG Ge, DONG Linpei, HUANG Jian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 530-534. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.012
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    Diet products have been rapidly developed as obesity becomes the first factor of sub-health. Meanwhile, the illegal additives into diet products are emerging prominently. The chemicals added illegally into diet products are mainly of appetite suppressant, absorption inhibitors, energy consumption drugs, as well as diuretics, laxatives or other medication that can help lose weight. Illegal addition of chemicals may cause severe adverse reactions, e.g., cardiovascular dysfunction, hepatic/renal malfunction and electrolyte disturbance. Even, the deaths caused by diet pills have been reported frequently. Determination of weight-loss drugs has been commonly conducted with various methods including electrochemistry, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, NMR, capillary electrophoresis, chromatography and certain combination of relevant techniques. This paper summarizes the categories, hazards and detection technologies about the illegal added chemicals in diet products, aiming to provide some references for peer researchers.
  • Forum
  • GAO Junwei, TANG Danzhou, LU Yang, MOU Jun, SUN Xiaochen, HUA Feng, WANG Yanbin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 535-540. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.013
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    This paper reviews the process of laboratory accreditation among forensic institutions by China National Accreditation Service (CNAS) for Conformity Assessment, focusing on the exposed problems that were to analyze fully and ponder into the pertinent countermeasures. The purpose is to help China forensic institutions improve their management competence and provide scientific basis for project management of forensic accreditation.
  • Technical Notes
  • JIA Fei, ZHAO Bin, SHEN Hongying, LIU Feng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 541-544. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.014
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    Objective To evaluate the forensic applicability of a fluorescent multiplex amplification system containing 19 autosomal and 27 Y-STR loci. Methods 810 male individuals from Liaoning Han-ethnic population were prepared of their bloodstain samples to undergo the amplification and STR loci test by the indicated system along with 35 samples from cases. Results 239 alleles and 927 genotypes were observed, with no deviations being found of the observed allelic distribution from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectation based on Chi-square test (P > 0.05). The total discrimination power of the 19 autosomal STR loci was 1-1.3967×10-23, and the cumulative probability of paternity exclusion was 0.999999994 in triplet setting (CPEtri) and 0.999992 in duo condition (CPEduo). 810 different haplotypes were observed from the tested 810 male unrelated individuals, and the gene diversity (GD) was between 0.3873 and 0.9695. 35 samples from cases were also correctly genotyped. Conclusion All the selected 46 loci in the system show highly polymorphic in Liaoning Han-ethnic population, demonstrating the system is suitable for both database construction of DNA/male lineage and forensic investigation into actual criminal cases.
  • ZHANG Zhijie, LÜ Dejian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 545-547. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.015
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    Objective To explore the random matching probability of single parent-child duo among simulative DNA database in order to reduce the occurrence of random matching into DNA database. Methods Based on the known allele frequencies, the selected STR-loci database was simulated by the R software packages: “DNAprofiles” and “DNAtools”. The random matching probability was calculated for the two profiles to share with at most one-allele difference at each locus from (false) single parent-child pair. Results With the increasing of STR loci in the simulative DNA database, the decrease was found of random matching probability from the (false) single parent-child duo. Conclusion In actual practice, more STR loci should be tested so as to reduce the false inclusion of single parent-child duo. Suggestively, 23 and more loci are better for both DNA database construction and high-accuracy paternity analysis.
  • LI Yang, GAO Linin, WANG Zhiqin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 548-550. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.016
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    The construction of DNA database of criminals is complicated and large of workload, likely rendering the occurrence of manual errors during experimental process, therefore a set of review and self-correction procedures must be built up in order to rule out the possibility of erroneously placing the sampling 96-well plate. Thus, the tested samples are able to “sit in right seat” against the running table that has been introduced into a genetic analyzing software, avoiding the errors emerging so as to secure the work quality and efficiency and prevent the waste of man efforts and consumables. Based on the accumulated experiences from our daily database operation, four review methods are here summarized: 1. reviewing between 96-well plates with the selected samples in previous added plate through testing the designated wells of the immediate following plate; 2. programming by computer C language to carry out the task of 1; 3. selecting samples to be added and tested in the other wells of same one plate; 4. checking the consistency of the tested individual’s data against his/her already-stored background information in the database. The four methods have their respective advantages, capable of their combinatorial application to improve the accuracy of inter-plate review and ensure the reliability of criminal DNA database.
  • Exchangeable Experience
  • WEN Fuxing, YU Zhongqian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 551-554. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.017
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    Since the year of 2006 when the automatic identification system of shoe-outsoles’ patterns, the EverASM™, was introduced into our city, the system’s soft and hard wares have been upgraded two times by our municipal competent authorities, having series of working regulations and procedures stipulated, effective technological tactics explored, thereby achieving many remarkable accomplishments. For further application of the system, this paper focused on the construction from the mechanism of footprint judgment to make consideration and summarization based on the system’s implementation in our city. Through a typical case, some new and effective technological tactics had been analyzed and recommended. On one hand, the operating skills were discussed from microcosmic level with utilizing the mechanism of footprint judgment; on the other hand, the macroscopic systematic construction and design were expounded about the mechanism of footprint judgment, with purpose to benefit the deep application and development into the mechanism of footprint judgment.
  • LI Ming, HUANG Wei, CAO Junhua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 555-558. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.018
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    The exploration was here made about the application of medical imaging into determining the relationship of driver against passenger, the death cause and manner in traffic accidents. With the example of four cases of traffic accident, the examination of X-ray and multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) was fully carried out with no way of autopsying the victims. Thus, the dead bodies and injurers were inspected together with both the body examination and vehicle scrutiny, hence having the characteristic injuries comprehensively analyzed. It was discovered that medical imaging, when probing into traffic accident cases, can help obtain the key information such as the injury way and extent on the involving bodies. Furthermore, with the scene investigation plus body examination, the medical imaging can enhance the forensic verification more objectively and accurately.
  • TANG Zeying, LU Huiling
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 559-561. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.019
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    The identification of twins is quite common in forensic paternity test. Twins of heteropaternity (those of different fathers due to heteropaternal superfecundation) are occasionally detected, but twins of both heteropaternity and heteromaternity have not yet been reported. This paper reports a case where the results of STR genotyping showed that both heteropaternity and heteromaternity occurred into one couple of twins. Their resultant mechanism was explored and the identification cognition discussed. Accordingly, a reminder is here put forth that the children’s parent-child relationship must not be rashly defined by only one child’s identification when twins’ paternity is to ascertain.
  • TAO Guilan, DONG Dagang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(6): 562-564. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.06.020
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    The fingerprints found at the scene often occur of deformation by the influential factors from, e.g., environment, variety of the objects that suspects contacted, intensity of the force exerted with the fingerprint owner, hence resulting in the feature points of the fingerprints to change their juxtapositions so that the automatic fingerprint identification system will have lower matching probability due to the incompetent query between the relevant fingerprints. If the deformed fingerprint can be rectified, their matching probability could be improved. Here, a deformed fingerprint extracted from scene was corrected by Photoshop_CS5, one image processing software. From comparison against the deformed fingerprint with and without correction through automatic fingerprint recognition system, the sample fingerprint was respectively matched to the candidate’s at 1st place forwarded from the one at 134th. Thus, rational correction of deformed fingerprints can truly improve the matching probability between fingerprints.