15 August 2019, Volume 44 Issue 4
    

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    Research Articles
  • XU Guotian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 283-288. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.001
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    Objective It is difficult for criminal investigators to obtain hacker email account through network monitoring and reverse analysis without knowing the specific form title and key configuration information encrypted. Therefore, a forensic reverse analysis is here proposed through “reconstructing execution path” in order to effectively extract the required information. Methods The execution path of involved Trojan program is reversely analyzed to have it forwardly modified and rebuilt so that the Trojan program can be forced to execute the email-sending path specified by the inspector, thus the key information, e.g., mailbox configuration, will be acquired. Results With such a forensic approach, the key configuration information including hacker email account and password has been extracted from the related parameters of Trojan`s email sending function. Conclusions The forensic reverse analysis from “reconstructing execution path” proposed in this paper can effectively test and process Trojan program.
  • ZHAO Yanbiao, ZHENG Xiaoyu, ZHENG Hui, QIAN Zhenhua, GAO Lisheng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 289-292. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.002
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    Objective To develop a GC/MS method for identifying synthetic cannabis 5F-AMB, one new psychoactive substance, and benzodiazepine-categorized diclazepam, said of China’s first report about these two chemicals, and to describe EI(electron impacting)-induced fragmentation pathways of both 5F-AMB and diclazepam. Methods Both the suspected 5F-AMB-e-liquid and diclazepam substances were fully ground and extracted with methanol, respectively. The extracts were subjected to centrifugation, with the supernatants to be analyzed with GC-MS. Results One unknown component (Rt= 16.323 min) was detected out from the e-liquid, appearing its characteristic fragmental ion peaks at m/z 233.0 (base peak), 145.0, 304.1 and 363.2. Another one unknown component (Rt= 15.883 min) was found from the tablets, turning out its characteristic fragmental ion peaks at m/z 283.0 (base peak), 318.0, 255.1 and 290.0. The two unknown components matched well against the standard reference materials of 5F-AMB and diclazepam with both their retention time and characteristic fragmental ion peaks, respectively. As a result, the drugs in the tested liquid/tablets were identified as new psychoactive substance, 5F-AMB, and the designer drug, diclazepam. Moreover, the proposed EI-induced fragmentation pathways of both 5F-AMB and diclazepam were described in detail. Conclusions A robust and reliable method was developed for 5F-AMB and diclazepam to identify with GC-MS, capable of being applied into relevant forensic cases.
  • FU Defeng, SUN Jiancong, XUAN Yu, YAO Weixuan, XU Jing, SHEN Liang, ZHOU Enping, YING Jianbo, XIE Weihong, LI Xiaofei
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 293-297. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.003
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    Objective Establishing a method to identify different brands of paint thinner. Methods Thirty-seven samples of paint thinner were analyzed through fingerprinting by ultra-fast GC coupling electronic nose (E-nose), with the resultant data being processed by PCA (principal component analysis) statistical analysis and one recognition model thereby being brought forth. Results Ultra-fast GC coupling E-nose can identify paint thinners produced from different factories. Conclusions An effective method has been established for tracing the source of paint thinner in fire site.
  • SHEN Weidong, YANG Fan, CUI Yanhua, PAN Yaoyue, ZHANG Suling, YAO Weixuan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 298-302. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.004
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    Objective To prepare the magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube by loading Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto its surface (Fe3O4/AMWNTs) for optimizing the detection of water-containing pyrethroid pesticides. Methods Following the preparation of Fe3O4/AMWNTs composite, a magnetic AMWNTs extraction coupled with gas chromatography was set up for determining 9 pyrethroid pesticides under the optimized conditions of ionic strength, pH, extraction time and elution solvents. Results The Fe3O4/AMWNTs composite can detect both cypermethrin and fenvalerate among linear 1-50ng/mL, and the remaining 7 pyrethroids being across 0.5-50 ng/mL, with all the 9 pyrethroids showing their correlation coefficients greater than 0.990. Recoveries of the method were 77.6%-93.9%. Conclusions This method is efficient, economical and environment-friendly, able to meet the actual requirements for drug analysis into cases, e.g., the one poisoning fishing-pond.
  • LÜ Xiaosen, TIAN Furui, LIU Siye
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 303-307. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.005
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    Objective To classify the characteristics of marks on cartridge cases shot from seven kinds of 9mm pistols (NP22, WaltherP38, Steyr GB, FN M1935, Browning BDA, QSZ92, Glock19) for identifying the kinds of involving pistols. Methods Twenty pieces of DAP92-type 9mm bullets were shot with each selected pistol, with the cartridge cases being separately collected, observed and recorded of the marks on them by stereoscopic microscope. The marks’ characteristics were perused against each kind of the involving gun. Results Every pistol left characteristic marks on the cartridge cases, e.g., the rectangle firing-pin marks from Glock19 Pistol, the ejector abdicating-groove marks by Steyr GB Pistol, the horseshoe-shape bolt recess marks and fan-shaped scraping marks from QSZ92 Pistol, thereby making shape/position-different marks formed on cartridge cases from the related gun’s ejector, together with some pistols also producing tongue-like marks and magazine-mouth marks on the shot cartridge cases. All of the characteristics of the marks above are important basis for the distinction between the kinds of the test guns. Conclusion The kind of the relevant gun can be likely identified through observation and analysis of the relating marks on the cartridge cases shot with the seven-kind pistols tested.
  • MA Wenhua, MO Xiaoting, ZHANG Ying, BAI Xue, YANG Fan, ZHANG Jian, LI Wanshui, ZHAO Xingchun
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 308-312. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.006
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    Objective To establish a porcine multiplex amplification system that was to be validated. Methods 12 porcine STRs (SW240, S0386, S0655, PigSTR4C, PigSTR5C, PigSTR7B, PigSTR11B, 387A12F, PigSTR13E, PigSTR14A, PigSTR15A, PigSTR17A) were selected to construct a fluorescent multiplex system plus the sexual marker Amelogenin. Through the serial completion of designing primers, labeling fluorescence dye and optimizing experiment conditions, a porcine multiplex amplification system was built up and to be validated. Results A multiplex PCR system, containing porcine 12 STR markers and an Amelogenin gender marker, has been successfully established. The most appropriate amplification conditions of the system are 10μL of amplification volume, 60℃ annealing temperature and 28 cycles. With the requirements met on precision, accuracy, peak height balance, stability, species specificity and polymorphism, the system is at lowest quantity of 0.125ng DNA to obtain complete STR genotyping, showing its cumulative discrimination power (CDP) of 0.999999999999961, the cumulative matching probability (CMP) of 3.9208×10-14 and the cumulative excluding probability of paternity (CEP) of 0.9952, respectively. Conclusions The established fluorescent multiplex system is capable of being used for porcine individual identification and paternity test in real cases.
  • LI Ying, CHEN Yiqun, LAI Jie, YANG Xuehao, YANG Bowen, REN Liang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 313-316. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.007
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    Death cause of corpse in water plays an important part for forensic medical examination, yet difficult to diagnose as “true drowning” based solely on postmortem phenomenon. Currently, diatom testing, albeit considered as the “golden standard” for drowning diagnosis, remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the value of quantitative diatom from deceased rats’ lung tissues against the involved water samples, to discover and diagnose the death cause of corpses out of drowning. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, conducting with different experimental treatments to their life end. All the deceased rats’ lung tissues were collected, having diatoms recovered from each of them through microwave digestion-vacuum filtration. The comparison indicates that the lung-tissue-carried diatom quantity is of positive correlation with the diatom density of related water samples. The average ratio (diatom counts in lung tissues of drowned rats to the ones in related water sample) is 0.47±0.07, with the 95% CI as 0.32, 0.61. Accordingly, quantitative diatom in lung tissue can be an auxiliary reference for estimating the death cause of submerged cadaver, thus offering a standard for drowning diagnosis by the ratio of diatom counts in the deceased’s lung tissue to the relevant water sample.
  • QIAO Jie, SHI Qiuna, ZHAO Pengcheng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 317-321. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.008
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    Objective To identify the recovery oil by analyzing the differences of various simulated recovery oils with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering (HPLC-ELSD). Methods The simulated recovery oil, blended with soybean/peanut oil and animal grease, was extracted by acetone. The extract was undergone through HPLC-ELSD analysis under the conditions: C18 nonpolar column, keeping its temperature of 35˚C, being flowed with mobile phase of dichloromethane -acetonitrile (30:70 V/V) at running rate of 1.0 mL/min, and evaporative light scattering detector for gauging. The separated triglycerides were compared of their spectrums against the spectral data from various original constituent oil. Results Triglyceride composition varied greatly when pure vegetable oil mixed with animal grease. Conclusions The analysis of triglyceride components can identify the quality-inferior/adulterated vegetable oil suspected to be refined from recovered food waste.
  • MA Yue, DING Hao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 322-326. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.009
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    Objective To explore the stability, symmetry and inter-person differences through analysis into human knee joints’ angles recorded during walking in order to provide scientific foundation for gait recognition. Methods Used of the Vicon, a motion capture system, 20 subjects were collected of their real-time data of knee joints’ angles from walking at a stride (cm) of most comfortable length, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90, leaving the data to be analyzed. Results The data show that the knee joint’s angle keeps stable if one person maintains walking at the same striding length. Though some people behave symmetric angles of their both knee joints, yet unable to bring forward a universal conclusion. Additionally, there is obvious diversity from the angles among people. Conclusions The observation that same person has stable and even symmetric knee joints’ angle and different subjects have diversity of the angles contributes to the studies on human walking characteristics, providing a scientific basis for certain person to identify or exclude with the gait recognition.
  • MA Quan, JIANG Li, ZHAO Hui, HUANG Meisha, DENG Pan, LI Jiuling, WANG Ling, MA Xin, YE Jian, LI Caixia
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 327-331. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.010
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    Objective To investigate the applicability of DNA TyperTM 19 kit to distinguish European, African and East Asian population. Methods 563 unrelated individuals’ DNA samples, among which 199 pieces are of European, 188 of African and 176 of East Asian, were co-amplified with DNA TyperTM 19 kit to have their 18 STR loci cloned. The amplified PCR products were capillary-electrophoresed through 3130XL genetic analyzer, together with their genotyping results being analyzed by Genemapper ID v3.2. Results 197 alleles were identified from the European, with their allelic frequencies ranging from 0.003-0.568; 193 alleles were found from the African, unveiling their allelic frequencies spanning 0.003-0.436; 187 alleles were discovered from the East Asian, bestriding their allelic frequencies over 0.003-0.540. The TDP was greater than 99.999 999 999 9% for all the three populations of European, African and East Asian. Conclusions The DNA TyperTM 19 kit can be used to analyze genetic polymorphism into European, African and East Asian populations.
  • LI Hao, QU Huiying, PAN Hong, LI Jin, LIU Heda
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 332-336. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.011
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    Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of the new-formulated Genipin and its prospect for developing latent sweat fingerprints on paper with perplexing background. Methods The new-formulated Genipin was prepared and its fingerprint developing effect being observed under natural/multi-band light source, with the fingerprint visualization compared against that resulted from the traditional handling by Indadione, Ninhydrin or DFO. Results Under natural light, Ninhydrin is better than new-formulated Genipin for their fingerprint developing effect and rate. Yet, the new-formulated-Genipin shows the best fluorescent effect and development rate under multi-band light. Conclusions The new-formulated Genipin is more effective than the traditional reagents to develop latent sweat fingerprints when illuminated with multi-band light, therefore capable of being applied to develop fingerprints at/out from crime scene.
  • Reviews
  • LI Shanfei, WANG Ling, ZHAO Hui, SUN Junhong, JI Anquan, FENG Lei, LI Caixia
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 337-342. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.012
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    Time association of biological evidence involves with an estimation of the evidence-concerned individual’s age and depositing duration of the related evidence. DNA methylation, an important epigenetic marker, plays an important role in physical growth, development and aging of one individual. Across the human genome, there are numerous methylated DNA sites, among which some specific are correlative with aging in linearity and others with circadian rhythms, thus giving suggestion of their potential into the time association of biological evidence. In this paper, several main testing methods of DNA methylation were illustrated and compared, together with an overview of the latest research progress on both the involved individual’s age estimation and depositing time of biological evidence.
  • LIU Mengyan, ZHAO Wei, ZHAO Yi
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 343-346. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.013
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    The cause of death in water is always a hot issue in forensic practice. Diatom test is recognized as a relatively reliable resort for forensic diagnosis of drowning. This paper reviews the diatom test of its development and application status in forensic diagnosis of drowning, briefly introducing the development history and significance, paying attention into its test methods that enclose the morphological observation, DNA molecular biology analysis, chemical element composition differentiation. With discussion of both advantages and disadvantages about the test methods used, the problems and development directions were analyzed into the diatom test, giving reference for the forensic diagnosis of drowning.
  • Research and Discussion
  • LONG Yuan, XING Guidong, KANG Yanrong, GUO Lili, ZHAO Lu, ZHANG Yaoguo, BAO Menghu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 347-350. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.014
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    With the popularity of smart phones, data extraction from smart phones has become an important issue for digital forensics. In this paper, a new data recovery method for smart phones is proposed to deal with one damaged SQLite database. Different from the traditional handling into the SQLite database file itself, the attempt here is an approach of data traversal based on the underlying data-storage structure of the SQLite database. Through the actual case for test, the eligibility of this method is not limited to the SQLite database but reaches to the image of Android smart phone, the damaged database file and the partition fragment, having all of them get the complete analytic results. Such a new attempt and idea proposed here extends the cognizance of digital forensics from computer to mobile phone, providing novel reference for data analysis/recovery of smart phones.
  • LI Xiao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 351-354. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.015
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    Carbonless copying handwriting refers to the handwriting that has been resulted from one successive writing action to leave on the special medium of carbonless copy paper. According to the involving principle, carbonless copying handwriting depends on the relevant chemical reactions so that its characteristics are different from those of normal handwriting. Through experimental exploration, the scientific foundation of identity recognition is here analyzed on carbonless copying handwriting in quantitative way, with the unique characteristics of such a handwriting being analyzed.
  • Technical Notes
  • FENG Zhen, JIN Wei, ZHANG Jian, JIANG Li, SHANG Lei, YU Zhengliang, MO Xiaoting
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 355-358. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.016
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    Objective To determine the frequencies and parameters of 24 Y-STR loci of Han population in area of Changchun, Jilin province. Methods The DNATyperTMY24 Kit was employed into PCR amplification plus capillary electrophoresis to detect the genotypes of 24 Y-STRs loci (DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y GATA H4, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS447, DYS527a/b, DYS444, DYS522, DYS617) from 350 Han-ethnic healthy individuals in Changchun area. Results The statistical analysis showed the GD (genetic diversity) values of the 24 Y-STRs were among 0.395 (DYS391) ? 0.960 (DYS385a/b), with 343 haplotypes being recognized and 7 ones detected twice. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9995. Conclusions The data of 24 Y-STRs of Han-ethnic population in Changchun area can provide basic underpinning for human population genetics and forensic DNA analysis.
  • GUO Wenju, WANG Yudao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 359-361. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.017
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    Android simulator is one tool software that can imitate Android operation system with computer to run, set up, utilize and uninstall Android applications so that users are able to experience by computer the whole operating course of Android system. Because of simple manipulation and low cost, Android simulator is often chosen with criminals to carry out illegal activities. Yet, the present computer-/mobile phone-applicable forensic competence is not eligible to directly extract and analyze the electronic data of WeChat, QQ and other applications kept in Android simulator. If the forensic electronic examiners do not understand the criminal artifices or are not familiar with the main applications run through Android simulator, they are very likely leaving out the applying data from Android simulator. This paper attempts to combine the forensics of both computer and mobile phone, collaborating with varieties of software and processes to achieve the applicative Android simulator forensics. Valuable reference should be here offered for peers to tackle similar cases.
  • Exchangeable Experience
  • ZHANG Wei, XUE Rui, HUANG Zhiping, LIU Zhao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 362-366. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.018
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    Criminal depicting/profiling is one of the most important assignments, also the last item of homicidal scene analysis, as it can provide the most directive clues and orientation for the crime investigation. It involves many scientific subjects, e.g., forensic medicine, trace inspection/examination, sociology, psychology, logic among others. Criminal profiling/depicting mostly relies on subjective analysis, therefore requiring high capabilities of the forensic medical examiners. This article reported a case about successful application of criminal profiling/depicting, exploring into the methods and key points with purpose to offer experience for investigating and solving similar cases.
  • YANG Fan, YANG Ming
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 367-370. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.019
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    Determination of the igniting site of one fire scene is very important for immediately deciding the nature of the fire case and finding out the cause. There are serious hidden fire hazards in rural mountain areas due to those places’ geographical positions, inconvenient traffic, underdeveloped economy and residents’ traditional habits. For the fire scene in rural mountain areas, the igniting site is necessarily judged according to the corresponding procedures and requirements built up from the scene-involving specifics. Therefore, the survey should be carried out into mastering the scene situation before and after the fire by interview, obtaining the further information based on combustion residues, analyzing the fire-and-smoke passages, examining the involved electrical equipment among others. Through an exampled real fire case, this paper expounds and summarizes the investigation and analysis of igniting sites in rural mountain areas, with purpose of providing technical support for the investigation of similar fire cases.
  • JIANG Li, ZHAO Lei, LIU Jing, ZHAO Wenting, MA Quan, ZHAO Hui, JI Anquan, LI Caixia
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 371-373. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.020
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    For the cases having foreigners and/or cross-border/region involved, DNA ancestry inference can harvest valuable information from the biological evidence that was collected at the crime scene, thereby capable of providing investigative clues and facilitating the cases to solve. By exploitation of the 27-plex SNP ancestry inference system, one that is able to genotype the DNA samples and infer whether the ancestral identity of the biological donors is from East Asia, Europe, Africa and admixture populations, the ancestry inference was here conducted into the victims of a case, helping the case to have been successfully solved.
  • WANG Yong, YANG Luhao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2019, 44(4): 374-376. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2019.04.021
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    With the increasing motor vehicles in quantity, traffic hit-and-run cases occur frequently. This article introduces the innovative ideas to investigate and solve such cases more quickly, orienting to changing thinking way and enhancing police subjective initiative and activeness. Through the specific case, experience and technologies capable of utilizing, discussions and suggestions are here made about how to change thinking way and improve the subjective initiative and activeness for the primary-level police to enclose all the valuable details into their attention, enhance the recognition of all kinds of trace evidential materials on the scene and play the role of the discovered evidence/clues into the best.