15 August 2016, Volume 41 Issue 4
    

  • Select all
    |
    Research Articles
  • The Tactics System and Capacity-Building of National DNA Database
    GE Baichuan, PENG Jianxiong, LIU Bing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 259-264. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    With the rapid development for over a decade, China National DNA database has become the core information system and performed the best personal identification and application efficiency in forensic science and technology. This article summarized the efficient tactics and elements of capacity building, the outcome which came into being in the long-term practice, discussed how to expand the application areas at full scale and tap the potentials of DNA information. Meanwhile, the strategy was focused on how to better adapt to the new situation for combating crimes, the new requirements for law enforcement agencies to handle cases, as well as the new expectations of the public.
  • Analysis of Quaternary Ammonium Herbicides in Tap Water by Field-amplified Sample Stacking of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
    ZHANG Qingqing, MENG Pinjia, WANG Yanyan, ZHANG Wenfang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 265-269. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    In this paper,we established a capillary zone-electrophoresis analytical method for the determination of three herbicides of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat in tap water. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a popular separation technique for the charged molecules. However, because of the short optical detection length and low sample loading, it has some limitations in terms of sensitivity, thereby restricting its use into a wide range of applications. Much effort has been devoted to address this problem. Sample pretreatment and/or online pre-concentration represent some approaches to increase the sensitivity of CE. Employed the online field-amplified stacking (FASS) injection technique. No sample pretreatment was needed. In this method, a phosphate solution (pH=4.0) containing 20 % acetonitrile was used as separation buffer. After optimization of the key parameters and experimental set-ups, the best stacking efficiency was obtained under these conditions: deionized water to be introduced at first at 0.5 psi pressure for 3s, followed by the introduction of sample solution at 10 kV for 30s. The separation was conducted under 25 kV and completed in 12 min, and the three herbicides were well separated. In the method validation, results demonstrated that paraquat and diquat were given linearity at concentration range of 0.25 -10 μg/mL (coefficient: 0.995 and 0.998), with their LODs of both 0.1ng/mL based on the signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. For the difenzoquat, the hydrodynamic injection mode was more suitable than FASS mode. Good linear relation was obtained over the scope of 0.25 -10 μg/mL with related coefficient of r2=0.993 and its LOD of 100ng/mL. The intra-day precisions of our method for the three herbicides were all less than 7.5% and those of the inter-dayall below 10.4%. This method is simple, sensitive, able to be used in the rapid detection and determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides in tap water.
  • Regular Changes of Postmortem Rabbit’s Lungs Observed by Computed Tomographic Images with Time
    ZHENG Jilong, ZHANG Jiaxin, WANG Jiulin, GONG Jinghui, NI Shoutao, ZHANG Biao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 270-273. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To investigate the time regularity by the computed tomographic images from lungs of the rabbit died from different causes. Methods Three death models of hemorrhagic shock, air embolism and strangulation were respectively established for rabbit. The rabbit’s lungs were observed with thin spiral CT scanning at different postmortem intervals (PMI) and analyzed by professional CT image analysis software so that the ratio of lung area / thoracic area and the average lung CT values were determined. Results For the three death models, the average lung CT values were all at the beginning increased then decreased with the PMI ascending. The ratio of lung area / thoracic area showed a similar trend within 129 h of PMI: its declining rate was low at the early stage, followed to a rapid change, and finally appeared slow again. For each of the three death models, multiple regression analysis was individually set up with PMI as the dependent variable and either the ratio of lung area / thoracic area or the average lung CT value as predictor, yielding several formulae of statistical significance (P<0.05). R2 was ranging from 0.437 to 0.551 for the average lung CT value and from 0.881 to 0.927 for the lung area / thoracic area. Conclusions The nonlinear regression equation of the lung tissue area / thoracic area can be applied to delimitate the PMI, especially the late PMI, making it a new potential tool for estimation of PMI in forensic medicine.
  • Analysis of Shooting Marks on Flat Glass
    ZHOU Yijin, ZHOU Teng, LI Zhenjian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 274-278. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Damaged glass, out of shooting (or hitting), frequently occurs in crime scene. Although the priority is to ascertain the shooting device’s type when such scene is encountered, yet it is difficult to accurately confirm the weapon used because of the prevailing presence of many sorts of shooting devices and bullets (or pellets) to result in very rare verification from actual cases. Therefore, the judgment is always relied on the experience of experts. In this paper, mark evidence on flat glass was made and investigated from several types of weapon including slingshot, crossbow, air gun, ball gun and pistol. Simulated shooting test was targeted at flat glass (thick of 3.5-5.0 mm) with the above weapons under different conditions, producing 191 pieces of cracked glass samples. The patterns on the cracked glass, generated by different weapons and projectiles, were carefully examined and compared. Experimental data show that the degree of glass damaging is stable when both the velocity of the projectile and the used pellet matching to some weapon are relatively fixed. According to the extent of damage, the patterns of marks on glass are divided into five categories, with their majority showing combination of two and more categories. Based on the probability of occurrence, category combination and size of the marks, the characteristic of the marks is concluded. Projectiles of stone, steel-ball and gun bullet can be distinguished by the shape of the holes produced on the cracked glass. The caliber of pellet by slingshot, crossbow or ball gun can be judged by the size of the crack. The radial crack by air gun especially tends towards bending. The types of the applied weapons can be deduced by the pattern of the marks. The influential factors on stability of the mark patterns, and the projectile’s track can be ignored but the flat glass’ characters, such as the size and thickness, must be taken into analyzing the diameter of bullet (or pellet) hole. The discovery here may provide reference for more refined inquisition about mark evidence on the damaged flat glass so as to determine the shooting device quick and accurately.
  • Evaluation of Uncertainty in Determination of Methamphetamine by GC with Internal Standard Method
    LIANG Lijun, XUE Jinfeng, TIAN Linlin, LIU Mingming, SHEN Lei
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 279-282. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To evaluate the uncertainty in determination of methamphetamine by gas chromatography (GC) with internal standard method. Methods Each source of uncertainty, arising from the procedure of testing, was analyzed and confirmed according to the guidelines of the uncertainty in measurement. Analysis of the measurement uncertainty during the experiment, including the uncertainty of calculation, measurement repeatability, standard substance, internal standard substance, sample and gas chromatography was taken. After each uncertainty component was evaluated, the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty of the result were calculated. Results The relative uncertainty brought from the measurement repeatability was 1.4 %, the one from preparation for internal standard solution of the SKF525A was 0.89 %, the one from preparation for standard solution of the methamphetamine was 0.85 %, the one from gas chromatography was 0.78 %, and the one from preparation for the sample of methamphetamine was 0.081 %. The expanded uncertainty was 0.4 % when the methamphetamine content was 10.4 %. ConclusionsThe measurement uncertainty of methamphetamine comes primarily from the measurement repeatability of sample, preparation for standard solution of the methamphetamine, GC, preparation for sample and internal standard. The uncertainty from the sample preparation was relatively minimal, the uncertainty from the uniformity of the sample and peak area ratio can be ignored.
  • Examination of the Filler in Car Paint by micro-XRD
    CAI Zhicheng, LI Yunzhi, ZHANG Dalei, YU Weibiao
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 283-285. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective Car paint frequently presents in the scene of hit-and-run accident. The inorganic substances in the paint are important to characterize the paint. The integrity of information about the paint is essential for ascertainment of the accident car. In order to accurately identify the inorganic substances in car paint, this paper tries to apply micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD) into analyzing the inorganic constituents of the filler in car paint. Methods The analysis of three car paint samples owning same color was conducted with the micro-XRD to verify the inorganic composition. The results were compared with those obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Results Inorganic composition, achieved by the micro-XRD from three samples, was consistent with the one by FT-IR and SEM/EDS, yet showing more accurate phase information. Conclusion Micro-XRD is a very attractive technique for paint analysis, able to discriminate the different inorganic substances in diverse paints. The method has advantages of sampling within micro area, in situ detection of minimal specimen quantity and non-destruction for the analyzed object, reaching the same or even better accuracy as that from large quantity of tested materials by the ordinary approach of X-ray diffraction. The micro-XRD, in combination with other measurements, can make different paints distinguished. Therefore, micro-XRD is very likely to hold a wide application prospect for forensic identification.
  • Applicability of NASS Card in Collection of Nucleic Acid in Saliva
    SHI Yunjie, SUN Yihua, ZHOU Ruhua, MA Jing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 286-288. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To investigate the applicability of NASS card in the collection of nucleic acid in saliva for DNA testing. Methods Anti-bacterial and mildew-proof tests were respectively carried out on NASS and FTA cards. 21 samples of saliva collected individually with NASS and FTA cards were directly amplified with the Identifiler plus kit to measure the peak areas of STR loci, and test was adopted in pairs to compare the corresponding data from the two cards. 1000 samples of saliva collected separately by NASS and FTA cards were directly amplified with the Identifiler plus kit to verify their STR profiles. Results For the anti-bacterial tests, the inhibitory rate of NASS card exceeded 99.9 % against Escherichia coli, and that of the FTA card was less than 94.4 %, with the two cards showing their inhibitory rates greater than 99.9 % against either the Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. On the mildew-proof test, both the NASS and FTA card completely restrained mildew occurring within 14 days. Up to 21 days, the moldy occurrence of NASS card was level 2 and that of the FTA card at level 3. After 28 days passing, the moldy occurrence of the two cards both reached at level 4. The inhibitory effects of the two cards on PCR were observed by their inverse products’ STR loci peak areas, with larger peak areas being obtained from NASS card than those from FTA card (0.01<P<0.05) at STR loci of D7S820, D13S317, TPOX and FGA. Furthermore, the peak areas at CSF1PO, D2S1338 and D18S51 from NASS card (P<0.01) were significantly greater than those from FTA, though no differences at the other STR loci (P>0.05). For PCR batch examination, the detection rate of the NASS card was 98.3 % and that of the FTA card was 97.9 %. Conclusion The NASS card showed better performance than the FTA card on their antibacterial and mildew-proof ability as well as the counter-inhibition of PCR, demonstrating it applicable to saliva nucleic acid collection for forensic DNA detection and analysis.
  • Direct Amplification of STRs from Canine Bloodstains
    QIAN Shui, DU Weian, LIU Chao, YANG Qianyong, YE Junhua
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 289-291. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To establish a direct amplification system of STRs from canine bloodstains．Methods Based on canine 17A STR fluorescent multiplex amplification system consisting of the loci of DAmel, PEZ1, PEZ2, PEZ3, PEZ5, PEZ6, PEZ8, PEZ12, PEZ15, PEZ20, PEZ21, FH2010, FH2054, FH2079, FH2132, FH2611 and the VWFX, a sex determinant, the PCR was optimized at its reaction components and concentrations, and the STR genotypes of the dog’s samples were detected with ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer. Results All of the above 17 STR loci have been amplified with overall balance and reliance. Conclusion The optimal canine 17A STR loci fluorescent multiplex PCR system is capable of direct amplification for canine bloodstains.
  • Using Amino-modified Nano-magnetic Beads to Extract Three Drugs from Human Blood
    YANG Lijun, GUO Peng, REN Zhouyang, XIE Wenlin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 292-295. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    A new method has been developed with amino-modified nano-magnetic beads to extract methamphetamine, morphine and ketamine from human blood. The amino nano-magnetic beads, generated through combination of diethylamine with magnetic powder, were used to extract drugs from human blood. The GC/MS results showed that the produced beads effectively enriched the drugs in blood, with a recovery rate higher than 70 %. On average, the enrichment ratio was greater than 1:30. All of the important parameters were studied at the extraction strength, pH value, eluent consumption, standard curve, detection limit as well as the intra- and inter-day precisions, indicating that a higher extraction can be reached upon the employment of vortex, pH greater than 7 and the consumed elution at 80 μL. For GC/MS analysis, the linear range was from 0.5 to 10.0 μg/mL, correlation coefficients (r) were 0.9826, 0.9526 and 0.9914, and the detective limits were individually 0.062, 0.093 and 0.041μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were both less than 6.0 %. This method is of high enrichment efficiency and short adsorption time, capable of improving the detection sensitivity of drugs in blood.
  • Adaptability of Forensic Digital Image Processing Techniques to the New National Standard
    ZHOU Ming, LI Ke, DAI Jianyu, LI Feng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 296-298. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective A new national criterion, the technical standard of forensic digital image, was issued in 2012 to regulate the manipulations of forensic digital photography in China. Since there were many methods for digital image processing before, thus, whether these methods can still meet the new standard becomes an urgent problem. Two criteria for forensic digital image processing were proposed in the new standard, “no fundamental alteration” and the “repeatable”. Here two existing processing manipulations were verified on whether they are in accordance with the new standard. Methods Four original photos were selected to receive rotating and coalescing processing. Through comparison of such processed photo with its original one, whether the manipulation is of “fundamental alteration” and “repeatable” was evaluated. Results The rotation by any degrees of neither 90 o nor its multiples can indeed generate “fundamentat alteration”, albeit slight yet accumulative. As for the “repeatable”, the coalescing manipulation cannot be repeated in the exactly same way, either. Conclusion According to the new standard, the image rotation by any degrees of neither 90 o nor its multiples becomes inappropriate. However, the rotation of both 90 o and its multiples is still adaptable. Nevertheless, the images coalescing is not ever recommended since it cannot be really “repeated” exactly the same way.
  • A Method of Removing the Background Interference to the Developed Fingerprints on Porous Surfaces Using Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques
    QI Minjun, CHEN Yihua, WANG Xinquan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 299-301. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To study the method of removing the background interference of the developed fingerprint using spectral imaging technology. Methods Multi-spectral images of two developed fingerprint samples disturbed by the background pattern were acquired, whose spectra ranges from 400 nm to 720 nm, with the sampling interval of 10 nm. Two specific spectral images were selected from the data cube by comparing the spectra of the fingerprint and the background or observing the spectral images directly, then the division of two images was performed and the resulted image was enhanced by linear stretching, finally the enhanced fingerprint image with a weakened background was obtained. Results The background pattern interfered with the developed fingerprint on Renminbi was effectively removed, and so was the striped background disturbing the developed fingerprint on envelope. In another word, the fingerprints were significantly enhanced. Conclusion The method of removing the background interference by division of two featured spectral images based on visible spectral imaging technology is very suitable for the case of enhancing the developed fingerprint on absorbent object, but the background is required to have a consistent color hue or little color change.
    • Reviews
  • Fingerprint Techniques: the Current and Trend
    MA Rongliang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 302-308. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    This article tries to summarize the recent advances of fingerprint technology and demonstrates ten possible developing directions in the future: 1. more sensitive reagents; 2. fingerprit detection on surfaces difficult to handle; 3. time-resolve (TR) and phase-resolve (PR) technology; 4. chemical imaging technology; 5. fingerprit detection on the exhibits polluted by bio-, chem- and/or nuclear-hazardousness materials; 6. immune and aptamer technology; 7. forensic intelligence from fingerprit detection; 8. the use of 3rd level characteristics in fingerprint identification; 9. age estimation for fingerprits; 10. more powerful Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).
  • Application and Prospect of CBCT in Forensic Medicine
    WANG Jian, ZHANG Jiaxin, LÜ Tu
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 309-312. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Cone beam computed tomography was a precise 3D imaging device designed for oral-maxillo-facial medicine. It permitted multiplane reconstructions, including coronal, sagittal and axial planes, definitely capable of improving the diagnosis and treatment of oral medicine. Compared with the traditional multi-slice computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography has the advantages of high image resolution, rapid scan, low radiation and small size. In forensic personal identification, 3D images of human tissues and organs acquired by cone beam computed tomography were valuable. Individual differences of the teeth were observed through cone beam computed tomography scanning, as well as the age related changes of dental pulp cavity. Mandibular canal images obtained by cone beam computed tomography could distinguish sexual dimorphism. Besides, the 3D reconstructions of the frontal sinus and craniofacial tissues supply a new method in anthropometry and facial reconstruction. In trauma analysis, cone beam computed tomography was an improved tool for the evaluation of bite marks, gunshot injuries, causes of fractures and stab wounds. Cone beam computed tomography could identify structural damages of hard tissues and detect the precise location of a projectile in the body. Virtual autopsy based on computed tomography has become a routine technology in the forensic practice of certain kinds of death. Cone beam computed tomography could supply higher quality images of the maxillofacial hard tissues. Progress in the research of cone beam computed tomography may improve the development of forensic odontology. In this article, some papers published in recent years were reviewed to show the present applications of cone beam computed tomography in forensic medicine, with purpose to provide new ideas for related research and practice.
  • A Micro-positioning Device Based on Multi-mode Integrated Positioning Technology
    CHEN Wei, LI Lingyun, SUN Fenjin, CUI Hengrong, YAN Yan, ZHOU Tao, DONG Limin, LIU Wenbin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 313-316. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    With the normalization of armed patrols, the police gun is used more frequently, resulting in increasingly higher concerns on gun safety. In order to regulate the use of firearms including the police gun, it is urgent to develop a positioning device to timely position the on-using firearms and accurately locate a lost gun. In this paper, a new micro positioning device, developed by completely own innovation based on multi-mode integrated positioning technology, is introduced. GPS, GSM and RFID technology are integrated to manufacture such a micro composite locator, with GPS and GSM functions to track and locate the guns in medium-and-long distance and RFID to search and discover the guns within near range. This device uses TOF (time of flight) dual-way locating technology, making the distance between two nodes measured through the round trip time from two asynchronous transceivers. In practical application, the measurement may be influenced by factors of temperature, wireless signal, obstruction, transmission mode and others related. Upon test, this device is a reinforcing instrument for the existing positioning system to look for guns within near range, able to improve the accuracy by integrated positioning and achieve the guns’ tracking at full range. The composite positioning device can be used not only for police firearms positioning but also the location of civilian vehicles and valuables.
  • Review of New Piperazine-type Psychoactive Substances
    CHANG Ying, HU Yupeng, ZHAO Yang, HE Jianfeng, ZHENG Hui, GAO Lisheng
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 317-321. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    New psychoactive substance, made from a slight modification or change through the drug molecular structure, shows its toxicity and harmfulness no less than the traditional drugs, yet not under legal control. New psychoactive substance can be divided into seven categories, with piperazine as the one of more important. The large scale use of synthetic derivatives of piperazine as substitutes or mimics of “ecstasy” started in New Zealand in the early 2000s and became common in Europe after 2004. In this paper, the information about the piperazine-type substances was summarized, and 1-benzyl piperazine (BZP) setected as a typical representative. This review includes the conception, legal use, illegal production, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, effects, toxicity, addictive effects and legal surveillance.
    • Forum
  • Analysis of Technical Specification about Surveillance of Video and Audio Coding (SVAC)
    LIU Huinian, SUN Zhenwen, CUI Guanfeng, ZHOU Hong, JI Anquan
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 322-325. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    The national standard GB/T 25724-2010 - Technical Specification of Surveillance Video and Audio Coding (SVAC) innovatively puts forward a lot of new technologies about video and audio coding and decoding. This article mainly analyzes the technical features of SVAC, for example, the high-precision and extensible coding methods, variable quality-coding on“region-of-interest”, scalable video coding(SVC), the special information embedded in video/audio streams, security protection of data, coding of voiceprint-feature parameters and the others important. Emphasis targets at the special requirement of “video and image must be faithful to the criminal scene” in application of forensic science. Discussions deal with the possible application of SVAC in forensic practice.
  • Brief Introduction to FBI Laboratory
    LI Caixia, WANG Gengjie, SU Jian, ZHAO Wenting, LIU Huinian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 326-329. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    The FBI laboratory, a division under the United States’ Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), obligatorily provides forensic services about forensic response (crime scene investigation), DNA test, fingerprint examination, firearms and toolmarks analysis, explosives detection and the others related on request from both the FBI and state plus local law enforcement agencies. The laboratory, reputed as one of the best laboratories of forensic science in the world, is currently located at Marine Corps Base in Quantico, Virginia, with more than 700 scientific experts and special agents working inside it. A brief introduction to this laboratory is here presented on its organization setup, divisions and services, constructions as well as on-going status.
    • Technical Notes
  • Genetic Polymorphisms of 18 STR Loci of Zhuang National Population in Guangxi Area
    MA Wenhua, ZHAO Wenting, SUN Qifan, MO Xiaoting, BAI Xue, WANG Le, ZHANG Jian, YAO Yiren, ZHAO Xingchun, LI Wanshui, YE Jian
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 330-332. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective The aim of this study is to determine the frequencies and parameters of 18 short tandem repeat loci of Zhuang national population in Guangxi area. Methods PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis technologies were employed to determine the genotypes of 18 STR loci (D5S818, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, vWA, D8S1179, D16S539, Penta E, TPOX, TH01, D19S433, D18S51, FGA, D6S1043, D13S317, D12S391) from 223 non-related individuals by the DNATyperTM 19 Kit. Results 196 alleles were identified, with their frequencies ranging from 0.002 to 0.516. The statistical analysis of the 18 STR loci are H (heterozygosity) values among 0.614~0.888, DP (discriminant power) values 0.788~0.978, PIC (polymorphism information content) values 0.56~0.88, and PE (paternity exclusion) values 0.308~0.771, respectively. Conclusions This work can provide basic data for human population genetics and forensic DNA research.
  • Criminal Geographic Profiling in Detection of Serial Rapes and Homicides
    DING Genyuan, SONG Yuyong, FANG Junjie, CHEN Lin
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 333-335. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.019
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Criminal geographic profiling is both a tactics for criminal investigation and one of means of forensic technology. In detection of serial criminal cases, the suspect’s inhabitancy profiling is particularly important although the traditional ones of physical and psychological characteristics do their parts efficiently, because such geographic profiling about the suspect can expose the residence or the place where the suspect had committed crime or will offense once more. Therefore, the most likely place for the suspect to stay will be judged or even confirmed. This paper introduces the process of detecting a case of serial rapes and homicides, elaborates the circle hypothesis, a manifestation of the criminal geographic profiling, and narrates its main contents. The solution of the case cited here proves the criminal geographic profiling is scientific and practical.
  • Probing into the Arithmetic of Paternity Index through the Consanguinity between Single Grandparent and Grandchildren
    REN He, LIU Fang
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 336-339. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.020
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To investigate the strategies for identification of the kinship between single grandparent and grandchildren. Methods Genomic DNA was separately extracted from bloodstain samples of 7 persons, who are the mother, the two children, the alleged grandmother, and the paternal relatives of one uncle and two aunts. STR genotypes were determined by multiplex fluorescent amplification and capillary electrophoresis. ITO and pedigree genotype reconstruction methods were used to calculate the consanguinity between the grandmother and grandchildren so that the paternity index was measured by the speculation of the father’s genotype. For the genotypes that were not able to determine, their LRs were estimated by minimum probability values. Results The consanguinity between grandmother and grandchildren calculated by pedigree genotype reconstruction was significantly higher than that obtained by ITO method. Paternity index calculated by the alleged father’s genotype was up to meet the triad standards. Conclusion For the identification of genetic relationship between single grandparent and grandchildren, the consanguinity about them can be calculated from the available pedigree reconstruction when STR genotyping provides no exclusion, and meanwhile the paternity index could be mensurated once upon the father’s genotype capable of being speculated, thus more convinced expert opinions would be provided.
  • Genetic Polymorphism of SNPs in EPAS1/EGLN1 among Tibetan and Han Populations
    YANG Xin, HU Meng, ZHANG Zilong, LUO Jihuai, HA Fei, MA Liying, SUN Hongbing
    Forensic Science And Technology. 2016, 41(4): 340-344. https://doi.org/10.16467/j.1008-3650.2016.04.021
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF HTML   Knowledge map Save
    Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of 10 SNPs in genes EPAS1 and EGLN1 among 518 unrelated Tibetan individuals from Gansu and Qinghai areas and 134 unrelated Han individuals from 500-meter altitude regions. Methods 10 SNP markers (rs12907901, rs13419896, rs150877473, rs1562453, rs186996510, rs2491406, rs2491407, rs4953360, rs4953361, rs7589621) in genes EPAS1 and EGLN1 were selected to analyze their genetic information such as genotype frequency and allele frequency through SNaPshot® Multianalysis kit. Results According to genotype frequency analysis, no deviation was detected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Han population, yet 4 SNPs (rs150877473, rs1562453, rs186996510, rs7589621) in Tibetan population to deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). Meanwhile, significant differences were also observed in the distribution of genotype frequency in 5 SNPs (rs13419896, rs1562453, rs186996510, rs7589621, rs4953360) between the Tibetan and Han populations. The allele frequency analysis showed that there were significant differences in 4 SNPs (rs150877473, rs1562453, rs186996510, rs7589621) between the two populations. ConclusionsThis research verified the previous report that there was significant difference between Tibetan and Han populations in EPAS1 and EGLN1 SNPS genes, providing a further support for these SNP genetic markers to be used in the future forensic practice.

Author Center

Review Center

Journal Online

京ICP备09053967号-3
Copyright © Forensic Science and Technology, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010-66269489，010-83752624　E-mail: xsjsbjb@163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.